Mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana na BBC, Tibor Nagy, umunyamabanga wungirije wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ushinzwe ibibazo bya Afurika yagize ati: “Igihe kirekire cyane abashoramari bakomanze ku rugi, kandi Abanyafurika bakinguye urugi, umuntu umwe rukumbi uhagaze aho ni Umushinwa. ”

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Igitekerezo cya Nagy kigaragaza ingaruka z’igabanuka rya Amerika muri Afurika mumyaka icumi ishize. Uko ishoramari ry’Amerika muri Afurika ryagabanutse, Ubushinwa bwarazamutse. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Judd Devermont, umuyobozi wa gahunda ya Afurika mu kigo gishinzwe ingamba n’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga, kugabanya ishoramari muri Afurika ntabwo ari umwihariko wa Amerika. Yatangarije CNBC ati: “Ubucuruzi hagati ya Afurika n’ibihugu byinshi by’i Burayi bwaragabanutse hagati ya 2010 kugeza 2017”.

Itegeko nyafurika ry’iyongera n’amahirwe (AGOA) rikomeje kuba gahunda nini y’ubucuruzi na Amerika muri Afurika. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi yari agamije kunoza umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati ya Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara na Amerika.

AGOA iha ibihugu by’Afurika amahirwe yo gucuruza ku isoko ry’Amerika ku bicuruzwa birenga 6.000 nta musoro. Ubwo byari ku rwego rwo hejuru mu 2008, AGOA yerekanye ubucuruzi bungana na miliyari 80 z’amadolari, nyuma bwaragabanutse kugera kuri miliyari 23 z’amadolari umwaka ukurikiyeho. Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika ntibikibona AGOA ikwiye guteza imbere umubano w’ubukungu kuko izangira muri 2025.

Nk’urugero, abahinzi bo muri Kenya bemerewe kohereza muri Amerika ubwoko bw’imboga butatu gusa muri 15 bugenewe koherezwa ku masoko yo hanze. Ibihugu nka Eritereya, Cote d’Ivoire na Repubulika ya Centrafrique nabyo byambuwe uburenganzira bwa AGOA kubera ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu cyangwa kudashyira mu bikorwa ivugurura rya politiki cyangwa ubukungu.

Ibihugu by’Afurika birasobanura bushyashya imiterere y’imibanire y’ubucuruzi na Amerika. Bimwe birahitamo gukurikirana gahunda hagati yabyo na Amerika kuko bibona ko uburyo bwa Amerika bwo guhuza ibihugu byinshi butakiri ingirakamaro.

Kuri ubu Kenya na Amerika bari mu biganiro ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu (FTA). Niba ayo masezerano ya FTA anyuzemo, azaba ari amasezerano ya mbere y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n’igihugu cyo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Uhagarariye ubucuruzi muri Amerika (USTR), Ambasaderi Robert Lighthizer, yavuze ko aya masezerano azabera icyitegererezo cy’andi masezerano y’ubucuruzi mu gihe kizaza n’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika.

Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi y’Ubushinwa yerekana ko Ubushinwa bwabaye umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye w’ubucuruzi muri Afurika mu myaka icumi ishize, aho ubucuruzi bwageze kuri miliyari 208 z’amadolari muri 2019. Ku rundi ruhande, ubucuruzi bw’Amerika na Afurika bwari hafi miliyari 41 z’amadolari muri 2018.

Ikigega cy’ibikorwa remezo n’imihanda muri Afurika cya Miliyari imwe y’amadorali ya Amerika cyatangijwe n’Ubushinwa, kandi umwaka ushize, Perezida Xi yemeye Afurika inkunga ingana na miliyari 60 z’amadolari, ibi bikazakomeza gushimangira ubukungu bw’igihugu cye ku mugabane wa Afurika.

Iki gihugu kandi gikomeje kuba igihugu gitanga inguzanyo nyinshi muri Afurika, zigera kuri miliyari 143 z’amadolari y’Amerika hagati ya 2000 na 2017, nk’uko byatangajwe na China Africa Research Initiative mu ishuri rya Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Aya mafranga atera inkunga imishinga nk’imihanda, gari ya moshi, ibyambu, ingomero n’ibindi…

Amerika ariko ikomeje kuba ariyo itanga inkunga nini kumugabane wa Afurika. Nk’uko USAID ibitangaza, Amerika yatanze miliyari 8.5 z’amadolari muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara mu 2018.

Ikibazo hano ni uko imfashanyo zituruka muri Amerika ziza mu buryo bw’inkunga, ariko zifite n’ibisabwa, aho ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika usanga biremerewe kandi bibona ko bidashimishije. Ariko, ibihugu bya Afurika bigaragara ko bikunda inguzanyo z’Ubushinwa kuri uyu mugabane mu rwego rwo gutera inkunga imishinga bitewe n’uburyo bworoshye zitangwamo.

Mu bihe byashize, ibitekerezo byatanzwe n’abayobozi ba leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika na Perezida Donald Trump ntabwo byafashije Amerika muri Afurika. Bivugwa ko Trump yasobanuye ibihugu bya Afurika nk “ibihugu bya shithole” [umwobo w’imyanda] nubwo yagerageje kubihakana. Noneho hari n’igihe yavuze ko inshuti ze zijya muri Afrika gusa gukorera amafaranga.

Nk’uko BBC ibivuga, Reuben E Brigety wahoze ari ambasaderi wa Amerika mu muryango w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe mu gihe cya Perezida Obama, agira ati: “Ikibazo cy’ibanze ni uko udashobora guhanagura ibya perezida – yasobanuye Afurika yose mu magambo mabi.”

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ingaruka Ubushinwa bugira muri Afurika, Amerika yatangije ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe iterambere ry’imari (DFC) gifite imari shingiro ya miliyari 60 z’amadolari. DFC irashaka gukuba kabiri ishoramari ry’Amerika mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make n’ayo hagati. Byinshi mu bihugu bizakira inkunga y’ishoramari muri iki kigo gishya biri muri Afurika.

Mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2020, DFC yemeye ishoramari rigera kuri miliyari 3.6 z’amadolari ku isi. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ayo mafaranga, ni ukuvuga miliyari 1.7 z’amadolari yagiye mu masezerano muri Mozambike. Andi miliyoni 5 z’amadorali yashowe mu rwego rwo gufasha guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Kenya buzwi ku izina rya Copia Global.

Na none, miliyoni zigera kuri 250 z’amadorali zizashorwa mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ihungabana ry’ubukungu muri Afurika. Andi miliyoni y’amadorali azajya mu guha ubushobozi abagore mu Rwanda na Kenya binyuze mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bubafasha kugera ku bikoresho by’ubuzima.

Ntibyumvikana niba amasosiyete yo muri Amerika azafata ibyifuzo bya DFC byo gushora imari muri Afurika kubera ugushidikanya Trump yashyize mu bukungu bw’isi.

DFC yubakiye ku bigo by’Amerika bimaze gushinga imizi mu gutanga inkunga muri Afurika nka USAID, Ibigo byigenga by’Ishoramari mu mahanga (OPIC) hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe inguzanyo (DCA).

Icyakora, nk’uko Seifudein Adem, umwarimu w’ubushakashatsi ku isi muri kaminuza ya Doshisha m’Ubuyapani abivuga, Amerika ntabwo ifite politiki ihamye kuri Afurika. Yabitangarije ikinyamakuru cyitwa Morning Post cy’Ubushinwa agira ati: “Amerika ishobora kugira politiki y’amatsinda y’ibihugu bya Afurika cyangwa gutanga mu turere”. Ati: “Politiki y’Ubushinwa kuri Afurika isa naho ihuje, y’igihe kirekire kandi ireba imbere.”