#Kwibohora26: Uko urugamba rwo kwibohora rwateguwe n’ibyabaye ku munsi nyirizina wo kubohora u Rwanda
Ni urugamba nubwo bibarwa ko rwatangiye ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, ibikorwa byatangiye hambere, bihera ku bitekerezo bya politiki, biza kugeza ku gisirikare cya RPA cyavuyemo RDF imaze guhamya ibirindiro mu Rwanda no mu mahanga.
Polisi Dennis uri mu batangiranye na FPR Inkotanyi yayoboye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, avuga ko byatewe n’amacakubiri yatumaga Abanyarwanda bamwe badafatwa nk’abandi, kandi byamaze igihe binigishwa mu mashuri.
Ati “Twabimazemo imyaka igeze hafi ku 100, tubyigishwa, ari nabyo dusobanurirwa. Ayo macakubiri rero yagiriye abanyarwanda n’igihugu nabi, anabatera n’ibibazo bishingiye ahongaho.”
Yavugiye kuri televiziyo y’igihugu ko u Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962, ubuyobozi butahinduye imitegekere ngo itandukane n’iya gikoloni, ahubwo byabaye bibi kurushaho. Byakomereje ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana, wanaje gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Polisi ati “Ibyo byose nibyo byatumye FPR itekereza uburyo yabohora abanyarwanda, igasubiza abanyarwanda bose hamwe.”
Hari n’ibindi bibazo bishingiye ku mpamvu z’ubukene, abantu bamwe ntibige, ivangura mu kazi, impunzi ziganjemo Abatutsi bari barahunze ubwicanyi bari barangiwe kugaruka mu gihugu n’ibindi.
Colonel Jill Rutaremara yavuze ko impamvu leta yariho yagombaga kurwanywa, itumvaga ibyo abanyarwanda bayibwira, ikaba leta y’igitugu.
Ati "Yari leta y’igitugu cyane cyane kubera imbaraga za gisirikare yari ifite, ariko cyane cyane no kubera abari bayishyigikiye icyo gihe.”
Habanje kujya habaho ibitero bito by’impunzi zashakaga gutaha ariko ntibikunde kubera ko bitabaga biteguye neza, kugeza ubwo habayeho kwishyira hamwe, bashaka ubumenyi bw’urugamba n’ibikoresho bihagije.
Ku wa 1 Ukwakira nibwo RPA yateye iturutse muri Uganda aho babaga mu gisirikare cy’icyo gihugu, NRA, ariko nacyo kigitangira harimo abanyarwanda barimo Perezida Kagame na Maj Gen Fred Gisa Rwigema.
Col Rutaremara yakomeje ati "Kuva bajya muri NRA, binjijemo abandi banyarwanda cyane cyane mu bice bya Luweero, bigeze mu 1985 nibwo intambara yagiye mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda, nibwo abanyarwanda benshi bagiyemo kuko intambara yaciye mu nkambi z’impunzi, ariko n’abatari mu nkambi bagiyemo.”
NRA imaze gufata Uganda, ngo abanyarwanda batangiye kumenya ko kubohora igihugu bishoboka. Abantu benshi bagendaga biyunga ku ngabo bavuye i Burundi, Congo, Tanzania, Kenya n’ahandi.
Yakomeje ati “Abasirikare b’abanyarwanda bari muri NRA, ubwoba bwa mbere bari bafite kwari ukuvuga ngo ese tuzavamo gute, ese baramutse badutangiriye bakatwambura intwaro bizagenda bite?”
“Ariko byakozwe neza, abasirikare bivanguye neza, nagira ngo mvuge ko bitanamenyekanye, n’intambara abasirikare bagenda bava Kagitumba, n’uwari ubakuriye nyakwigendera Fred Gisa Rwigema babaga babaza ngo ariko ntabwo byari byamenyekana? Nta cyamenyekanye, byavuzwe mu gitondo ari uko abasirikare bageze Kagitumba.”
Urugamba ntabwo rwatangiye rworoshye
Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990 nibwo urugamba rwatangiye, ari nabwo ingabo za RPA zabayeho ndetse zitangira kwigabanya mu mitwe. Ku munsi ukurikiyeho nibwo Rwigema wari uyoboye urugamba yapfuye, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 1994 hapfa Major Bunyenyezi na Baingana.
Zimwe mu mbogamizi abasirikare bari bafite icyo gihe kwari uko bari bake kandi banyanyagiye, kuba bararwanaga mu buryo umwanzi amenyereye, no kuba mu mirwanire byari ugukurikirana umwanzi kuko nta mutware bari basigaranye, ugasanga bararwana batazi neza igikurikira, cyangwa umusirikare umwe akaba arwana ariko atazi ibyo mugenzi we akora.
Hari n’ikibazo cy’ubuvuzi, ibiryo, ndetse ugasanga abantu ntabwo baziranye neza, bamwe ukanasanga banafite imyitwarire mibi.
Col Rutaremara ati “Ibi byose iyo tubireba nibwo Nyakubahwa yaje, ni nko gutoragura ingabo, arazirema, atangira kubondora, abari bararwaye, abavura atangira kubagarura, atangira kubashyira ku murongo akurikije uko yumva byagira akamaro, morale itangira kugaruka.”
Gen James Kabarebe aheruka kuvuga ko Paul Kagame yavuye muri Amerika aho yigaga, bamubonye bagira icyizere ko noneho intambara bazayitsinda.
Ati “Njye ubwanjye aho nari ndi ku Akagera nigisha urubyiruko rwadusangaga, twaricaraga nk’aba ofisiye tukigunga, dutegereje ko Habyarimana aza akahatumarira.”
“Nagiye kubona mbona umwofisiye umwe araje witwaga Bunyenyezi, araza adusanga aho ducecetse nta wavugaga, ati ndabizi ibyo mutekereza, ati muhumure urugamba rurakomeje, tugize amahirwe afande Paul araje.”
Icyo gihe ngo nibwo Perezida Kagame yahuje abashyigikira urugamba, ahindura ibintu abasirikare bamwe abohereza mu Mutara, abandi bajya mu Ruhengeri mu Birunga, biga kurwana nijoro, kugenda cyane, kuyobya umwanzi n’ibindi.
Col Rutaremara avuga ko icyo gihe abasirikare bagendaga biyubaka ari nako baca umwanzi imbaraga bakamubuza gutekereza icyo azakora ejo mu buryo bw’intambara ya guerilla, ingabo zikagaba ibitero ahantu hatandukanye.
Col Rutaremara avuga mbere mu rugamba, intambara yari hagati y’ingabo za RPA n’iza Habyarimana, ariko ubwo jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga, habayeho izindi nshingano zo kurwana urugamba no kurokora Abatutsi bicwaga.
General Major Paul Kagame wari uyoboye urugamba yatanze itegeko ryo guhagarika Jenoside no gutsinda ingabo zayikoraga. Muri Kigali Abatutsi bari bagihumeka yaba abari bahungiye muri St Andre i Nyamirambo, Saint Paul, Sainte Famille n’ahandi bararokoka.
Ku wa 4 Nyakanga 1994
Ku wa Mbere tariki 4 Nyakanga 1994 nibwo Umujyi wa Kigali na Butare byafashwe. Muri icyo gihe hari hamaze iminsi urugamba rushyushye, biza kugera ku rwego abasirikare ba RPA barusha ingufu aba leta y’icyo gihe, ndetse Guverinoma y’abatabazi yari iyobowe na Sindikubwabo Theodore na Jean Kambanda wari Minisitiri w’Intebe itakibarizwa mu murwa.
Tito Rutaremara wari mu buyobozi bwa FPR Inkotanyi, yagize ati "Amasasu yaravugaga kugeza basohoka mu mujyi, kugeza kuri Mont Kigali bamanuka, baca ku giti cy’inyoni bahunga, amasasu yaravuze, ngira ngo abantu bari bahari mu ijoro hari hasigaye amasasu make […] wamenyeraga ayo masasu manini avuga, ukamenyera ukanabisinzirana, ahubwo byahora akaba aribwo wikanga uti bigenze bite ?”
Avuga ko icyo gihe yari mu karere ka Kicukiro, ndetse ngo ntabwo yahise amenya ko abasirikare bagize uruhare muri Jenoside bahunze umurwa mukuru.
Yakomeje ati “Nagiye kumva numva abantu bampamagara bari ku Mulindi, bambaza bati ‘ariko ko utatubwiye ko twatsinze’? Nti ‘ese twatsinze ryari’? Kuko numvaga amasasu akivuga, abahungaga bararasaga, noneho n’ibisasu byacu by’ababakurikira, ukumva ko bakiri aho, kuko wari waramenyereye ibyo.”
“Nterefona abasirikare bari bahari bati bagiye kare. Bati ‘ese uri hehe’, bakagira ngo ndenze wenda za Rwamagana, nti ‘ndi muri Kigali’. Bati ‘he?’ Nti ‘Kicukiro’. Bati ‘ntiwamenye ko bagiye’, nti ‘ntabwo nabimenye! Ko numvaga ibisasu bivuga se...”
Nyuma nibwo hategerejwe ijambo ry’umukuru w’ingabo, hahita hanasohoka itangazo ry’Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi hamwe n’uwari uyoboye RPA, ryemeza ko Kigali yabohowe, ribwira Abanyarwanda bose n’Isi yose ko u Rwanda rwafashwe.
Umujyi wari ufashwe ariko hari hakiri ibibazo byo gukemura, kuko hari inkomere nyinshi zikeneye kuvurwa, abenshi imitima yarahungabanye, ku buryo bitari umunsi w’ibyishimo ahubwo aribwo “ikiriyo cyari gitangiye.”
Rtd Gen Sam Kaka wari umwe mu bayobozi b’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, aheruka gutanga ubuhamya ko guhagarika Jenoside yari yo ntego y’ibanze, kandi bari babigezeho.
Ati “Intego twari dufite yari uguhagarika jenoside kandi twarabikoze, twahagaritse Jenoside. Nubwo abantu benshi bapfuye, iyo tutabikora byari kuba agahomamunwa kuko nta wundi muntu wari kubidukorera.”
U Rwanda rwabonye icyerekezo gishya
Rutaremara avuga ko muri iyo minsi hari hamaze kumenyerwa imbwa zirya abantu bishwe birirwa bazirukana, inkomere zihora zivurwa n’abandi, ariko ku wa 4 Nyakanga 1994 haje indi shusho.
Ati “Kubona abantu bari bihishe babaga muri za parafo (plafond), bihishe ahandi, ubona ntaho yakomeretse ariko ni agatwe kagenda, nta mubiri, nta ki, ukabona yarazonzwe, [ukavuga ngo] nyamuneka uru Rwanda tujemo, twari tumaze kumenyera intumbi, noneho turabona n’intumbi zigenda, mbere hari intumbi ziryamye hasi. Uwo muntu waramurebaga ukavuga ngo uyu muntu buriya azaba umuntu?”
Icyakwerekaga ko bafite ubuzima ngo ni uko barebaga Inkotanyi bagaseka, cyangwa "ukabona ararize", "ndetse wamwegera akaguhobera kuko azi ko uri Inkotanyi."
Rutaremara yakomeje ati "Ni isura indi mu mutwe itandukanye n’iyo nari maze amezi menyereye, yo kubona abantu bapfa muri jenoside."
Icyo gihe hari hatangiye icyiciro gikomeye, kuko intego yo kubohora igihugu yasaga n’igana ku musozo, ariko nko ibice by’uburengerazuba bw’igihugu byari bikiri mu maboko y’ingabo z’u Bufaransa, muri Operation Turqouise.
FPR yahise itangira kuganira n’impande zitandukanye hashakishwa uburyo igihugu cyasubira ku murongo, amashyaka atarijanditse muri jenoside ahabwa rugari atanga ibitekerezo, ariko ayagize uruhare muri Jenoside nka MRND na CDR akurwaho.
Rutaremara yakomeje ati "Ntabwo kubohora u Rwanda watekerezaga uti nibigera nzishima, buriya Jenoside yatugiriye nabi, ahubwo waravugaga uti ’mwo kabyara mwe iki gihugu tubohoye, n’aba bantu batariho, n’abandi birukanka bajya za Zaire n’iki, tubonye imirimo iruta iyo twari dusanganzwe dufite, ahubwo dukwiye guhaguruka tugakora’.”
“Njye mu by’ukuri, kwishima rwose mu kubohora igihugu, [kwishima] njye nabitangiye nko mu 2000, naho ubundi buriya jenoside, batubujije ibyishimo, ntawe nigeze mbona [yishimye] uretse ababaga bari i Burayi n’abandi baterefonaga nibo wumvaga bishimye baririmba. Naho ubundi warebaga ingorane n’iki, rwose bariya bajenosideri batubujije kwishima.”
Nyuma y’imyaka 26, Rutaremara avuga ko igikenewe ari ugukomeza kubaka iterambere rituma buri muturarwanda abona ibyo akeneye, ntagire ibyo atekereza ko yabona ibyiza ari uko agiye ahandi haba mu burezi, ubuvuzi n’ibindi.
Source: IGIHE