VIH cyangwa HIV n’ijambo rihinnye ryo mururimi rw’icyongereza (Human Immune Virus), iyi ni Virusi ihangara ubudahangarwa (T-Cells) bw’inyokomuntu ikabushegesha kugeza aho buba nntacyo bukibashije kuba bwakora mubijyanye no kukurinda izindi ndwara.

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Iyo udafashe imiti igabanya ubukana bw’iyi virusi ishobora gutuma ugera aho urwara SIDA, uru rukaba arirwo rwego rwanyuma rwo gushegeshwa kw’umubiri w’umuntu ufite iyi virusi mumaraso ye aho agakoko kose kamugezeho kaba kamutera indwara kuburyo bworoshye cyane kuko umuburi ntuba ukibasha kwirinda na hato. Gusa umuntu wese ugize ibyago byo kwandura iyi viirusi siko aba yagera ku rwego rwo kurwara SIDA.

Bitandukanye n’izindi virus rero, virusi itera SIDA ntabwo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri w’umuntu bwabasha kuyirwanya burundu, ibi bivuze ko iyo iyi virusi yakugeze mu maraso, nubuzima bwose ushigaje kw’isi.

ESE VIRUSI ITERA SIDA YANDURA ITE?

By’umwihariko, SIDA yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye uyikoranye n’umuntu wanduye. Ibi nuko iyi virusi iba yarakwirakwiriye mumatembabuzi yose y’umubiri, aha twavuga;

. Amatembabuzi abanziriza amasohoro y’umugabo
. Amatembabuzi yo mugitsina cy’umugore
. Amatembabuzi yo mu kibuno
. Amatembabuzi yo mu kanwa

Ibi ni ukuvuga ko rero iyi virusi ishobora gukwirakwizwa Binyuze mumibonano mpuzabitsina yo mukanwa, mu gitsina cy’umugore ndetse no mu kibuno kubantu babana bahuje ibitsina.

Ntugomba kwibagirwa ko sida yandurira cyane mu maraso, ibi bikaba bibaho cyane ku bantu basangira ibyuma bikomeretsa nk’inshinge kubantu bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bitera mu maraso.

Ikindi kandi umubyeyi ashobora no kwanduza umwana we igihe; amutwite, amubyara cyangwa amwonsa.

N’IKI CYATUMA BAGUPIMA BAGASANGA IBIPIMO BIGARAGAZA KO UFITE UBWANDU KANDI WENDA NTANABWO, ESE ICYO GIHE USABWA GUKORA IKI?

Ibipimo byifashishwa kwa muganga bapima ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA bikoranye ubuhanga buhanitse suko bitakwibeshya ahubwo nanone nuko hari igihe cyagenwe kuburyo ubwandu butangira kugaragara mu maraso y’uje kwipimisha. Aha rero igihe cyose ugiye kwipimisha ugasanga ubwirwa ko ufite ubwandu, ugirwa inama yo kongera gupimwa kugira barebe neza koko ko wanduye.

Ikindi kandi erega byanashoboka ko bagupima ibipimo bikaza bigaragaza ko utanduye kandi wanduye, ibi bikunze kubaho iyo uje kwipimisha vuba cyane kuva igihe wanduriye kugeza uje kwa muganga. Bikunze kwitwa ko icyo gihe uri muri ‘window period’ ubu rero nabwo usabwa ko bagusubiramo bakagupima byaba ako kanya bakoresheje ubundi buryo (western blot) cyangwa kubwirwa kuzagaruka nyuma y’igihe runaka (kenshi ni nyuma y’amezi atatu), maze bakabona bakemeza niba wanduye cyangwa utanduye koko.

Iyo ufite impamvu ituma utekereza ko wanduye, kkandi ibipimo bigaragaza ko wanduye, ushobora kusaba ko ibizamini by’amaraso yawe byakurikiranwa mu gihe nibura cy’ibyumeru bitandatu.

ESE MUGANGA YEMEJE KO WANDUYE HIV USABWA GUKORA IKI?

Niba muganga wawe yemeje ko waba waranduye agakoko gatera SIDA, muganga yagufasha kuguhitiramo imiti myiza itaguteza ibindi bibazo byinshi maze ikaba yagufasha kugabanya ubukana by’iyo virusi. Kuri ubu Mu Rwanda ndetse nahandi hose ku isi ntibigiterezwa ko ubanza kuzahara ngo ubone gutangira imiti, utangira ugifite abasirikare b’umubiri bahagije bo kukurinda kuba wagera kuri rwa rwego rwa nyuma arirwo kurwara SIDA.

Ni byiza kandi ko ushishikariza abantu bose waba uzi mwakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye kugira ngo nabo babe bakwipimisha hakiri kare, murwego rwo kurengera Ubuzima bwabo.

NIBA UTARANDURA DORE UKO WAKIRINDA KWANDURA IYI VIRUSI ITERA SIDA.

Niba uzi ko ukora imibonanompuzabitsina kenshi cyane zimwe mu ngamba zikurikira zagufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kkwandura iki cyago;

Gabanya umubare wabantu muryamana byiza yaba umwe cyangwa ukanabireka ubishoboye, niba utararushinga, kugira abo muryamana batandukanye byongera ibyago bwo kwandura.
Igihe wumva umubiri wawe utakibashije kuwutegeka, ugirwa inama yo gukoresha neza agakingirizo, kuko ishobora kurinda ko amatembabuzi yanyu ahura.
Jya wipimisha buri gihe nibura nyuma y’amezi atatu, ushishikarize nabo muryamana kwipimisha nabo. Kumenya uko uhagaze n’ingenzi cyane iyo uzi ko ukorana imibonanompuzabitsina n’abantu benshi.
Niba ukeka ko waba wanduye nyuma y’igikorwa cy’imibonanompuzabitsina, gana muganga aguhe imiti (post exposure prophylaxis). Iyi miti igabanya ibyago byo kwandura igihe cyose umaze gukorana imibonanompluzabitsina idakinngiye n’umuntu ukeka ko yanduye. Imiti ugomba kuyitangira bitarenze igihe cy’amasaha 72h ukoze imibonano.