Perezida wa Guinée-Bissau, Umaro Sissoco uri mu Rwanda, Uherutse Gukorerwa Coup d’état igapfuba, ni Muntu ki?
Umaro Mokhtar Sissoco Embaló yahawe inshingano zo kuyobora Guinée-Bissau ku wa 27 Gashyantare 2020. Ni nyuma yo kwegukana intsinzi n’amajwi 54 ahigitswe Domingos Simoes Pereira mu matora atarishimiwe n’Ishyaka riri mu akomeye mu gihugu kuva cyabona ubwigenge rya African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC).
Umaro Mokhtar Sissoco Embaló yiyamarije kuyobora Guinée-Bissau ahagarariye ishyaka rya ‘Movement of Democratic Change’ ryiyomoye kuri PAIGC mu 2015.
Guinée-Bissau iri mu bihugu byamunzwe na ruswa ndetse hari abayigereranya n’ikiraro kinyuzwaho Cocaine hagati ya Amerika y’Amajyepfo n’u Burayi.
Ubwo yarahiriraga kuyobora iki gihugu, Perezida Embaló yavuze azaharanira kugikuraho iri zina ribi cyanditse. Yavuze ko agiye guca akavuyo kamaze igihe kagaragara mu gihugu, agakomeza urwego rw’Ubutabera n’urw’Ubuzima ndetse agashyiraho ingamba zigamije guhangana n’imitwe igaragara mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge.
Ubwo yarahiraga yavuze kandi ko azaharanira kuba umuyobozi mwiza ku banya Guinée-Bissau bose atitaye ku madini yabo cyangwa ubwoko baturukamo.
Uyu mugabo witezweho guhindura byinshi muri Guinée-Bissau asanzwe amenyerewe muri iki gihugu kuko yabaye umusirikare wacyo ndetse abivamo ageze ku ipeti rya Brigadier General. Yanabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe kuva mu 2016 kugeza mu 2018.
Embaló yabonye izuba ku wa 23 Nzeri 1972, avukira i Bissau kuri nyina ukomoka muri Mali na se wo mu bwoko bw’Aba-Fulani. Ni umuyoboke w’idini ya Islam ndetse niwe Perezida wa mbere uyoboye iki gihugu ava muri iri dini.
Embaló ni umunyepolitiki wabiminujemo kuko afite Impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mibanire mpuzamahanga (International Relations) yakuye muri Kaminuza y’i Lisbon muri Portugal.
Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu bumenyi muri politiki [Political Science] ndetse n’impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga yakuye muri Kaminuza y’i Madrid. Avuga neza Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Icyaraba, Igiswahili, Igi-Portugais n’icy’Espagnol.
Uretse kuminuza mu bya politike, uyu mugabo yanize mu mashuri atandukanye ya gisirikare arimo ‘National Defense Center of Spain’. Yanakurikiranye kandi amasomo ajyanye n’iby’umutekano mu Bubiligi, Israel, Afurika y’Epfo, u Buyapani n’u Bufaransa.
Mu 2016 nibwo José Mário Vaz wari Perezida wa Guinée-Bissau yatoranyije Embaló nka Minisitiri w’Intebe w’iki gihugu. Kuva ubwo izina ry’uyu mugabo wari warabaye na Minisitiri ushinzwe Afurika muri iki gihugu nibwo ryatangiye kuzamuka.
Kuwa 13 Ukuboza 2016 nibwo uyu mugabo yashyizeho abagize Guverinoma bagombaga gufatanya muri izi nshingano nshya. Gusa ku rundi ruhande uyu mwanya yawugiyemo yaratangiye kurebana ay’ingwe n’ubuyobozi bw’ishyaka rya PAIGC dore ko bwo bwavugaga ko adakwiye no kugirirwa iki cyizere.
Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri ari muri izi nshingano ku wa 13 Mutarama 2018, yanditse asaba kwegura ndetse nyuma y’iminsi itatu iki cyifuzo cye kiremezwa. Yavuze ko impamvu z’iki cyemezo ari ubwumvikane buke yagiranye na Perezida José Mário Vaz.
Nyuma y’aha, uyu mugabo yahise ashinga ishyaka rye yise ‘Madem G15’ ndetse aba umwe mu bahatanye mu matora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu yabaye mu 2019 ndetse aza kuyegukana.
Kominisiyo y’Amatora muri iki gihugu yatangaje ko Embaló ariwe watsinze amatora, gusa Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ntibyategura umuhango wo kumurahiza.
Nyuma yo kubibona, Sissoco Embaló yafashe umwanzuro wo kwitegurira uyu muhango ndetse ubera muri Hotel yo mu murwa mukuru muri iki gihugu, ibi byatumye bamwe mu bayobozi barimo na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Aristides Gomes bamushinja guhirika ubutegetsi, gusa Perezida Mário Vaz abyamaganira kure ndetse yemera kumuhereza ubutegetsi.
Uretse ibijyanye na Politike, Sissoco Embaló ni n’umwe mu bagabo bafite amafaranga menshi mu gihugu cye biturutse mu bucuruzi butandukanye akora. Azwiho kandi kuba yari umwe mu nshuti z’akadasohoka na Col Muammar Gaddafi wayoboye Libya, ibi byatumye ahabwa inshingano zo kuyobora Ikigega cya Libya cy’Ishoramari muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba.
Ubwo yageraga mu Rwanda, Perezida Umaro Sissoco Embaló yakiriwe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Dr Vincent Biruta
Yari ahiritswe ku butegetsi habura gato
Guinée-Bissau ni igihugu kiri mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika, gikora ku Nyanja ya Atlantique, bamwe bagikundira uburyo kibonekamo pariki nyinshi ndetse n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rudapfa kubonake ahandi. Iruta gato u Rwanda kuko ifite ubuso bwa 36.125 km² ariko ikiba idatuwe cyane kuko ifite abaturage basaga miliyoni ebyiri.
Ubukungu bw’iki gihugu bwubakiye cyane ku buhinzi n’uburobyi. Mu bihingwa byera cyane muri iki gihugu harimo umuceri, imboga, ibishyimbo imyumbati, ibijumba, amamesa n’ubunyobwa. Mu bijyanye n’ubworozi usanga abaturage benshi bo muri Guinée-Bissau bariheye ubw’amafi, ingurube, ihene, intama, inka n’ubw’inkoko.
Uburobyi ni umwe mu mirimo yinjriiza iki gihugu amafaranga kuko amafi arobwa mu Nyanja ya Atlantique yoherezwa mu mahanga. Ahandi iki gihugu gikura amafaranga menshi ni mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’imbaho, cyane ko kimwe cya gatanu cy’ubuso bwacyo bugizwe n’amashyamba.
Guinée-Bissau ibonekamo amahirwe y’ishoramari atandukanye yiganjemo ayo gushinga inganda zitunganya umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi kuko zikiri nke.
Aho iki gihugu kiri uyu munsi ni hamwe mu bice byahoze bigize Ubwami bwa Mali, mu gihe ubukoloni bwari butangiye kimwe n’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika, iki nacyo cyahawe Portugal. Guinée-Bissau yabonye ubwigenge mu 1974.
Kuva iki gihugu cyabona ubwigenge cyikuye mu bukoloni bwa Portugal, cyakunze kuzahahazwa n’ibibazo by’umutekano muke, aho cyabayemo Coup d’état enye zirimo iheruka yo mu 2012.
Kuva mu 2014, cyatangiye kugendera ku Itegeko Nshinga nubwo bitabujije kuko hakomeza gututumba umwuka mubi ariko utarabyaye imvururu zikaze.
Ku wa Kabiri tariki ya 1 Gashyantare 2022 nibwo hongeye gututumba igikorwa cyo gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi. Mu gitondo cyo kuri uwo munsi urufaya rw’amasasu rwumvikanye imbere y’Ingoro y’Umukuru w’Igihugu muri Guinée-Bissau. Ibi byakozwe mu gihe Perezida Umaro Sissoco Embaló na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Nuno Gomes Nabiam bagombaga guhura n’abaminisitiri mu nama.
Nyuma y’ukwezi ibi bibaye, Umaro Sissoco Embalo yirukanye abasirikare batatu bakuru.
Abayobozi bakuwe mu myanya harimo Général Mamadù Krumah Turé wari Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo wungirije; Umuyobozi w’Ingabo zirwanira mu mazi, Amiral Carlos Alfredo Mandugal n’Umuyobozi w’abashinzwe kurinda Perezida, Colonel Sadio Cissé.
Umaro Sissoco Embaló muri uyu mwaka yarahiritswe ku butegetsi habura gato