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Robert Oppenheimer umucuzi wa bombe atomique ufatwa nk’umurimbuzi w’isi

Yanditswe: Sunday 16, Jul 2023

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Mu gihe filimi yitwa Oppenheimer igiye gusohoka, Ben Platts-Mills aranyura mu nkuru nyakuri y’uyu muhanga muri siyanse wo muri Manhattan Project yakoze ‘bombe atomique’ yatumye uyu yitwa “umurimbuzi w’isi” - ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda.

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Byari mu masaha ya kare mu gitondo tariki 16 Nyakanga(7) mu 1945, Robert Oppenheimer yari ategerereje cyane ari mu nzu yo hasi, uwo umwanya wari ugiye guhindura isi.

Muri 10 km uvuye aho yari ari, bombe kirimbuzi ya mbere yari igiye kugeragezwa, yari yiswe "Trinity", yagombaga guturikira mu mucanga mwinshi mu butayu bwa Jornada del Muerto, muri leta ya New Mexico muri Amerika, ntabwo hari kure cyane y’i Los Alamos hari laboratoire z’ibanga rya leta zacuriwemo ibi bisasu kirimbuzi.

Oppenheimer yari afite igihunga. Umugabo wari usanzwe ananutse, nyuma y’imyaka itatu akuriye umushinga "Project Y", igisata cya siyanse cya "Manhattan Engineer District" yakoze iyo bombe, yarananutse agera ku biro 52 kandi areshya na 1,78m, yari ananutse bikabije. Iryo joro yari yaryamye amasaha ane gusa, agakomeza gukanguka kubera igihunga n’inkorora aterwa n’itabi.

Uwo munsi mu 1945 ni umwe mu bihe bikomeye mu buzima bwa Robert Oppenheimer busobanurwa n’abanyamateka Kai Bird na Martin J Sherwin mu gitabo cyabo American Prometheus cyo mu 2005, ari nacyo cyashingiweho hakorwa iyo filimi nshya kuri Oppenheimer izasohoka tariki 21 z’uku kwezi muri Amerika.

Mu minota ya mbere yo kubara igihe gisigaye ngo bagituritse, nk’uko Bird na Sherwin babivuga, umusirikare w’umujenerali wareberaga hafi Oppenheimer yagize ati: "Dr. Oppenheimer...yakomeje kugira igishyika kinshi uko amasegonda yegereza. Yahumekeraga hejuru..."

Guturika, kubaye, kwamuritse kurusha izuba. N’imbaraga zingana na kilotoni 21 za TNT (trinitrotoluene), kwari uguturika kunini kubayeho kugeza ubwo.

Kwateye gutigita kumvikanye kugeza muri 160km uvuye aho. Ikivumbi kinini cyane cyakwiragiye aho hantu kizamuka mu kirere, Oppenheimer aracururuka mu “kwiruhutsa gukomeye”. Hashize iminota micye, Inshuti ya Oppenheimer kandi bakorana yitwa Isidor Rabi yamuboneraga hirya gato iti: “Sinzibagirwa gutambuka kwe; sinzibagirwa uko yasohotse mu modoka…Yatambukaga yemye…nk’uwatsinze. Yari abikoze.”

Mu biganiro n’abanyamakuru yakoze mu myaka ya 1960, Oppenheimer yongeyeho agakeregeshwa ke ku buryo yakiriye iryo gerageza, avuga ko umurongo wanditse mugi-Hindu waje mu mutwe we: "Ubu Mbaye Urupfu, umurimbuzi w’isi."

Mu munsi yakurikiyeho, inshuti ze zivuga ko yagendaga arushaho kwibasirwa n’agahinda.

Umwe ati: “Robert yagumye hamwe cyane kandi acecetse mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri, kuko yari izi ikigiye kuba.” Igitondo kimwe yumvikanye arimo kwicuza nk’ufitiye impuhwe (mu magambo yishyira hejuru) ibizaba ku Bayapani, avuga ati: “Bariya bantu bato, bariya bantu bato”. Ariko iminsi yakurikiyeho yarongeye agira igihunga, arahuga cyane.

Mu nama na bagenzi be b’abasirikare, yasaga n’uwibagiwe ya magambo “bariya bantu bato”. Kubwa Bird na Sherwin, ahubwo yari ahuze yiga ku hantu n’igihe bikwiriye byo kurekura indi bombe nk’iriya noneho ku bantu: “Bagomba kuyirekura mu mvura cyangwa mu bihu…ntimuzareke bayirekurira hejuru cyane.

“Imibare ni yo. Kutayirekurira hejuru cyane kuko byatuma idashwanyaguza nyabyo abo igambiriye.

Hatarashira ukwezi bombe bashoje igerageza ryabo, bombe kirimbuzi yarekuriwe kuri rubanda i Hiroshima, uyu mugabo yabwiye ihuriro rya bagenzi be uko icyo gikorwa cyagenze neza, umwe mu barebaga yibuka uburyo Oppenheimer “yazamuraga akaboko hejuru y’umutwe nk’umurwanyi watsinze urugamba.”

Oppenheimer yari umutima wa Manhattan Project kurusha undi muntu uwo ariwe wese, yatumye iyi bombe kirimbuzi iba ukuri. Jeremy Bernstein, wakoranye nawe nyuma y’intambara, yemezaga ko nta wundi muntu wari kubishobora. Nk’uko yabyanditse mu gitabo cy’ubuzima bwe mu 2004 yise A Portrait of an Enigma, yafize ati: “Iyo Oppenheimer ataba umukuru wa Los Alamos, mbona ko, ku neza cyangwa inabi, intambara ya kabiri y’isi yari kurangira…hadakoreshejwe intwaro kirimbuzi.”
Uretse kuba cyari umusaruro w’ubushakashatsi, iki gisasu cyari umusaruro w’ubushobozi n’ubushake bwa Oppenheimer bwo gutekereza we ubwe ko ari umuntu watuma kigerwaho.

Umunywi w’itabi kuva mu bugimbi bwe, Oppenheimer yaje kurwana igituntu inshuro zitandukanye mu buzima bwe. Yaje gupfa mu 1967 azize kanseri y’umuhogo, yari afite imyaka 62.

Imyaka ibiri mbere y’uko apfa, mu gihe kidasanzwe kuri we cyo kwiyoroshya, yasobanuye itandukaniro ryo gukora siyanse n’ubusizi. Yavuze ko bitandukanye n’ubusizi, “siyanse ni business yo kwiga kudasubiramo ikosa wakoze”.

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