Intara za Kivu ya ruguru n’iy’epfo za DR Congo ni kamwe mu duce tubarirwamo imitwe y’inyeshyamba myinshi ku isi. kubera muri icyo gice?Ese ni iyihe?

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Muri aka gace, niho hantu ku isi hari ingabo nyinshi za ONU zoherejwe kugarura amahoro, zirenga 15,000. Zifite inshingano yo kurengera abaturage.

Imwe muri iyi mitwe hari imaze muri aka gace ka Congo y’Uburasirazuba imyaka irenga 20, yica abaturage, isahura, ifata abagore ku ngufu, isoresha imisoro, ishimuta abantu n’ibindi.
Kuki iyi mitwe yagize Kivu zombi indiri yazo?
Aka ni agace gakungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro menshi.

Ni agace karimo amashyamba na pariki y’ibirunga (Kivu ya ruguru), pariki ya Kahuzi - biega n’imisozi miremire ya Minembwe (Kivu y’Epfo) n’ibindi bice birimo amashyamba menshi mu ntara zombi.

Ibi bibera ubwihisho bwiza izi nyeshyamba mu gihe zitewe n’ingabo za leta.

Nixon Kambale, umunyamategeko akaba n’umusesenguzi wa politiki muri DR Congo yigeze kubwira itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga ko igice kiruta 40% cy’uburasirazuba bwa Congo gisa n’igitegekwa n’inyeshyamba.

Ati "Ibi biterwa n’intege nke za leta za nyuma ya Mobutu mu kurandura iyi mitwe irimo n’iyari ishyigikiwe n’ibihugu bituranyi" .

Uwitwa Omar Kavota, umuyobozi wungirije w’ikigo cyiga ku guteza imbere amahoro demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu CEPADHO, aba mu karere ka Beni , muri 2020 yabwiye BBC impamvu nyamukuru itera icyo kibazo.

Kavota yavuze ko iyi mitwe irambye muri aka gace kubera ubucukuzi n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, gusoresha abaturage, gushimuta abantu igasaba amafaranga, gusahura no gusarura ibyabo.

Ati: "Hari n’abantu n’imiryango itera inkunga y’amafaranga iyo mitwe, indi nka ADF yo ikura inyungu no mu bucuruzi bwa mafia bwambukiranya imipaka.

"Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho gucuruza zahabu, imbahu, cacao, gasegereti mbese ikintu cyose cy’umutungo kamere".

Bwana Kavota avuga ko iyi mitwe yagiye ikomera kurushaho ikanashaka abayifasha hirya no hino.

Ati: "nka ADF yabashije kuzana abarwanyi baye muri Tanzania, muri Kenya, i Burundi, mu Rwanda, muri Tchad, Mozambique ndetse n’abanyecongo".

Izo nyeshyamba ni izihe?

Umubare munini ni imitwe y’inyeshyamba z’abanyecongo ubwabo izwi ku izina rya Mai-Mai.

Mai-Mai zishingiye ahanini ku moko y’abanyecongo bo muri aka gace, imwe ikitwa ko irengera ubwoko runaka ko buticwa n’ubundi cyangwa inyeshyamba runaka.

Indi mitwe ni iy’abanyamahanga imaze imyaka myinshi hano ivuga ko irwanya leta z’u Burundi, u Rwanda na Uganda.

Muri Kivu ya ruguru imitwe izwi cyane ihakorera ni Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) ivuga ko irwanya leta ya Uganda, ikorera cyane mu karere ka Beni.

Hari kandi umutwe wa FDLR urwanya leta y’u Rwanda ukorera mu bice bya Rutshuru na Masisi.

Indi ni nka; Nduma défense du Congo-Rénové (NDC-R) y’abanyecongo ubwabo.

Collectif des mouvements pour le changement (CMC) y’abanyecongo, ivuga ko irwanya NDC-R.

Hamwe n’imitwe myinshi ya Mai-Mai nka; Mai Mai Mazembe, Mai Mai Nyatura, Mai Mai Kirikicho, Mai Mai Kifuafua, Mai Mai Charles, Raia Mutomboki, APCLS...
Muri Kivu y’Epfo hariyo umutwe wa RED-Tabara urwanya leta y’u Burundi, ubutegetsi mu Burundi buvuga ko ufashwa na leta y’u Rwanda.

Hari kandi umutwe wa Mai-Mai Yakutumba uvuga ko urwanira amoko y’Ababembe, Abafulero n’Abanyindu, ugahangana ukarwana n’uwitwa Ngomino/Ngumino uvuga ko irwanya iyicwa ry’Abanyamulenge, n’indi ya Mai - Mai irimo na Raia Mutomboki.

Usibye iyi mitwe yitwaje intwaro tumaze kugarukaho haruguru, ubu noneho uburasirazuba bwa kongo cyane muri Kivu ya Ruguru haravugwa M23 kugeza ubu ubutegetsi bwa RDC bufata nk’ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano wayo.

Byatumye leta ya Kinshasa yirengagiza ububi bw’indi mitwe yose twagarutse, ikibazo kiba M23 ndetse yifashishije igisirikare cyayo FARDC , yagabye ibitero kuri uwo mutwe kandi kugera n’ubu rwabuze gica.

Iyi M23 yo irwanira iki?

Binyuze mu muvugizi w’igisirikare muri wo mutwe, Willy Ngoma yatangaje ko Congo ifite ibibazo byinshi bikomeye ko ari nayo mpamvu bafashe intwaro, bakiyemeza gushaka uburyo babikemura.

Ati “Abanyapolitiki bafashe bugwate igihugu. Bafata igihugu nk’ikibuga cyabo. Abaturage bafite ibibazo, gereza ni ahantu ho gupfira, nta mihanda ihari, mu burezi nta kigenda, mu bitaro nta miti.”

Willy Ngoma yavuze ko amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya Guverinoma ya Congo n’umutwe wa M23 atigeze yubahirizwa. Yavuze ko kuva mu 2013 yasinywa, bategereje bihanganye aho bari mu buhungiro, bigeze mu 2017 nta kirakorwa bafata umwanzuro wo gusubira mu mashyamba.

Ati “Mu myaka itanu twamazeyo, ntabwo twigeze duhungabanya uwo ariwe wese. Twabwiye Guverinoma ko twataye imiryango yacu mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi, ko mu buhungiro, uburyo tubayeho tudashobora kubwihanganira, ko yadufasha tukagaruka mu gihugu cyacu. Barabyanze.”

Abarwanyi ba M23 mu 2013 bamwe bahungiye muri Uganda abandi mu Rwanda. Abari muri Uganda nibo basubiye ku rugamba mu mashyamba ya Virunga mu gihe abari mu Rwanda bacumbikiwe i Ngoma mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba mu kigo kirindwa n’Igisirikare cy’u Rwanda.

Ngoma yavuze ko ubwo RDC yari yanze ko batahuka, bo bafashe umwanzuro bakava muri Uganda bagasubira mu mashyamba. Uko gutahuka ntabwo kwigeze kugwa neza RDC ahubwo yahise ifata intwaro itangira kurwanya M23.

Ati “Natwe twirwanyeho. Bashakaga kudutsemba. Bavuga ko tutari Abanye-Congo, ko turi Abanyarwanda.”

M23 yavuze ko ibyo irwanira birenze inkomoko ariko ko no kubwirwa ko atari Abanye-Congo nabyo biri mu bibangamiye.

Ngoma yavuze ko amasezerano basinyanye na Guverinoma ya Tshisekedi agena ko abanyapolitiki b’umutwe wa M23 bahabwa imyanya, abasirikare bagashyirwa mu gisirikare. Ngo ayo masezerano agena ko hazakorwa batayo enye zihuriweho n’Ingabo za FARDC bakarwanya by’umwihariko umutwe wa ADF na FDRL.

None amaherezo ni ayahe?

Perezida Felix Tshisekedi amaze kugera ku butegetsi yasezeranyije ko azakora ibishoboka byose akarwanya iyu mitwe ibuza amahoro uburasirazuba bwa Congo n’akarere.

Ibitero byo kurwanya umutwe wa ADF byatangiye mu kwezi kwa 10 gusa ingabo za leta ntizirabasha kurandura uyu mutwe mu karere ka Beni, ahubwo abarwanyi bawo baca inyuma bakica abaturage.
Icyakora kuri ubu Leta ya Congo yatangiye gufatanya n’ibihugu iyi mitwe ikomokamo nka Uganda mu kuyihashya,kandi amakuru ahari n’uko hari umusaruro byatanze n’ubwo ADF itarashira burundu.

RDC ihanze amaso ingabo z’ibihugu by’akarere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba zimaze kugera muri icyo gihugu ku bwinshi, n’iza Angola nazo zahageze ngo barebe ko bafatanya gushaka umuti urambye ku mutekano muke umaze imyaka mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.