Hashize imyaka 29 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi irangiye ndetse hakozwe impinduka nyinshi mu nzego zitandukanye harimo n’uburezi mu Rwanda.
Uburezi bw’u Rwanda bwabayemo byinshi muri iyo myaka yose harimo gusimburana kenshi kw’abayoboye Minisiteri y’Uburezi,ibyemezo byishimiwe n’ibyateje impaka,udushya tw’abayoboye iyi MINEDUC n’ibindi.
Jenoside ikirangira Mineduc yitwaga Mineprisec (Ministère de l‘Enseignement Primaire et Secondaire) icyo gihe yayobowe na Pierre Célestin Rwigema.
Yaje gusimburwa na (...)

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Hashize imyaka 29 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi irangiye ndetse hakozwe impinduka nyinshi mu nzego zitandukanye harimo n’uburezi mu Rwanda.

Uburezi bw’u Rwanda bwabayemo byinshi muri iyo myaka yose harimo gusimburana kenshi kw’abayoboye Minisiteri y’Uburezi,ibyemezo byishimiwe n’ibyateje impaka,udushya tw’abayoboye iyi MINEDUC n’ibindi.

Jenoside ikirangira Mineduc yitwaga Mineprisec (Ministère de l‘Enseignement Primaire et Secondaire) icyo gihe yayobowe na Pierre Célestin Rwigema.

Yaje gusimburwa na Ngirabanzi Laurien hataho Col Dr Joseph Karemera kugeza mu 1999, ubwo yagirwaga Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Emmanuel Mudidi ni we winjije iyo Minisiteri mu kinyagihumbi gishya, ahawe inshingano kuva mu 1999 kugeza 2001, hakurikiraho Romain Murenzi wagejeje mu 2006.

Kuva muri 2006 yashyizwe mu biganza bya Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc kugeza muri 2008, asimburwa na Dr. Gahakwa Daphrose wayiyoboye umwaka umwe, na we asimburwa na Charles Muligande kuva muri 2009 kugeza mu wa 2011.

Haje abandi batandukanye nka Dr. Pierre Damien Habumuremyi,Dr Vincent Biruta,Prof.Silas Lwakabamba,Papias Malimba,Mutimura Eugene,Dr Valentine Uwamariya.

AMATEKA YA MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI NYUMA YA JENOSIDE

Mu 1994 amashuri yaje guhagarara mu gihe cya Jenoside, asubukura mu 1995, amasomo yose yigishwa mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza, na ho mu yisumbuye biga mu Gifaransa bifashisha amashusho yamanikwaga ku bitambaro.

Icyo gihe kandi habayeho kwigisha ururimi rw’Icyongereza mu mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye ndetse hashyirwaho Inama y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Ibizamini. Mbere ibizamini by’abarangije amashuri yisumbuye byategurwaga n’ibigo bigagaho bikaba ari na ho bitangirwa.

Muri iyo myaka ya nyuma gato ya Jenoside, abarimu bahembwaga ibishyimbo, ifu y’ibigori, amavuta n’ibindi kimwe n’uko byari bimeze mu nzego za leta kuko yari ikirwana no kwiyubaka.

Mu 1995 kugera mu 1996, abanyeshuri bakoreraga ibizamini bisoza amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye ku bigo bigagaho nk’uko byari bisanzwe na mbere ariko mu 1997 batangiye kubikorera ku bigo byatoranyijwe (Centres des examens).

Impamyabumenyi zashingirwaga ku manota abanyeshuri bagize mu mwaka wa gatanu n’uwa gatandatu, hiyongereyeho ayo yabonye mu kizamini cyategurwaga n’akanama k’abarimu kashyirwagaho n’ikigo ariko na byo byaje guhinduka.

Bamwe mu banyuze mu Burezi bw’u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside batazibagirana

COL. DR. JOSEPH KAREMERA

Dr Col Joseph Karemera yibukwa muri Minisitiri w’Uburezi, ubwo yavugaga ko azanye ireme ry’uburezi rishyitse, akarwanya kujenjeka kw’abarimu n’abanyeshuri.

Yirukanye mu mirimo abayobozi b’ibigo (Directeurs) batagira ingano, abanyeshuri nabo yabacaga mu bigo by’amashuri, akanabahagarika imyaka myinshi. Hari nk’abahagarikwaga imyaka ibiri, itatu bazira gukopera mu bizamini.

Bageze aho bamwita ‘Nyamuca’

Mu 1998, Minisitiri w’Uburezi, Col. Dr. Joseph Karemera yaciye diplôme z’abari barangije amashuri yisumbuye yavugaga ko zitujuje ibisabwa n’ireme ry’uburezi igihugu cyifuzaga kugeraho, bituma bamwita ‘Nyamuca’.

Impamvu yo guca izo diplôme, ni uko icyo gihe abayobozi b’ibigo batungwaga agatoki ku gutanga amanota mu buryo budakurikije amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’Uburezi.

Karemera yavuze ko hari abahawe diplôme nta bumenyi buhagije bafite, hari abakopeye, ndetse n’abongerewe amanota. Ibyo byatumye diplôme zabo zicibwa.

“Ufite intare nayiziture”

Nubwo mu baciriwe diplôme harimo n’abana b’abayobozi n’abasirikare bari bakomeye icyo gihe, Col. Dr Karemera ntibyamubujije kwihagararaho.

Icyo gihe kubona diplôme byasaga n’igitangaza kuko igihugu cyari kimaze gutakaza abantu benshi bize abandi barahunze, gikeneye abo kuziba icyuho cyari mu nzego z’imitegekere, mu buvuzi no mu burezi zari zigwiriyemo abize CERAI(Centre d’Enseignement Rural et Artisanal Intègre), amashuri yigagwamo n’ ababaga batabonye amahirwe yo gukomeza mu yisumbuye; amasomo yabo akibanda ku myuga, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.

Guca diplôme rero byafashwe nka sakirirego ari na byo byatumye itangazamakuru rishika ribaza Col. Dr Karemera niba nta bwoba afite bwo guhangara ikintu nk’icyo, maze arabasubiza ati “Ufite intare nayiziture.”

Hari n’abavuga ko nyuma yaho yaba yasuye iyahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, abanyeshuri bakamubaza uburyo diplôme zicibwa kandi kuzibona bivunanye, maze akabaha igisubizo cyatangaje benshi.

Yababwiye ko bagiye muri politiki basanga ari Minisitiri, mu gisirikare bagasanga ari Koloneli, mu bijyanye n’uburezi basanga ari Dogiteri. Ati “Ibyo nakoze nabitekerejeho.”

MUDIDI EMMANUEL

Mu gihe cya Mudidi Emmanuel,Uburezi rwari urwego rugoranye kuko nyuma ya Jenoside byose byari byarasenyutse.

Habayeho abagabo n’abagore b’imbaraga bagerageza gukora ibishoboka kugira ngo bazamure ibintu mu nzego zose n’uburezi burimo.

Hari hari imbogamizi nyinshi kuko uburyo ntibwari bwinshi, abana benshi bari aho batari mu mashuri abandi barayacikirije.

Bimwe mu bitazibagira Mudidi yazanye harimo kuzana uburezi kuri bose mu mashuri abanza,aho yagerageje kurwana n’uko umwana w’umunyarwanda yakwiga amashuri abanza akamenya gusoma no kwandika ikinyarwanda.

Nubwo bamwe batabizi,ariku isonga y’abazanye icyiswe “Promotion automatique” aho abana bimurwa baba bashoboye cyangwa badashoboye.

Icyo gihe muri za Butare, icyo gihe gusibiza byari kuri 56%.Wasangaga uwigisha mu mwaka wa gatatu, yimuye abana 30 muri 60 yigisha.

Mu mwaka wa kabiri akimura 40 bakagera mu wa gatatu bakiyongera kuri ba 30 basibiye bakaba 70 kandi umwarimu yananiwe kwigisha 60 ngo bazamuke bose.

Ibi byatezaga akavuyo bikagora abarimu kubigisha gusa yagerageje ibishoboka muri icyo gihe.

Mbere ya 1999, umunyeshuri wagiraga amanota ari munsi ya 50% ku mwaka, hiyongereyeho gutsindwa amwe mu masomo y’ingenzi yarirukanwaga, ibyo bitaga ‘gutema’.

Ibi byatumaga uwabaga avuka mu muryango udashobora kumwishyurira ishuri ryigenga, asezera ku ishuri burundu n’iyo yaba arikunda karijana.

Minisitiri Emmanuel Mudidi ni we wabagobotse avanaho icyemezo cyo kwirukana,kuko atemeraga ko gutsindwa ari uruhare rw’umunyeshuri.

Mudidi yavugaga ko “nta mwana w’umuswa ubaho, bose bagomba kwimuka mu gihe hari imyanya yo kubakira mu ishuri ryisumbuye”.

Byatumye abari barirukanwe ku bigo bimwe na bimwe basibizwa, uretse abari barazize imyitwarire mibi.

Iyi mpinduka ntiyavuzweho rumwe kuko hari abemeza ko yagabanyije uguhatana mu banyeshuri ku buryo umuco wo ‘kuraza amaguru mu ndobo y’amazi’ batinya kwirukanwa umwaka urangiye wahise uba umugani.

PROF.ROMAIN MURENZI

Prof.Romain Murenzi yabaye umwarimu muri za kaminuza zikomeye mu bihugu bitandukanye ku Isi, akagira ubunararibonye mu masomo y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.

Prof.Romain Murenzi yagizwe Minisitiri w’Uburezi mu 2001 -2006 ndetse ari mu baheruka kuyimaramo igihe kuko nyuma y’aho abenshi bagiye bayivamo biruka cyane.

Mu gihe cye,Prof. Romain Murenzi y azamuye Siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri yose ndetse Uburezi burazamuka cyane.

Ni byinshi byakozwe mu gihe cye mu burezi birimo kuzamura indimi,gukaza cyane ibijyanye n’imitsindire by’umwihariko ibizamini bya leta,n’ibindi.

Yavuye ku buyobozi bwa MINEDUC ayobora ikigo cya Siyansi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Iterambere rirambye cy’Ishyirahamwe rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika riharanira iterambere rya Siyansi.

Perezida Kagame nawe yigeze gushimira Prof.Romain Murenzi ko yamufashije kumva akamaro ka Siyansi.

MUTSINDASHYAKA THEONESTE

Ubwo yari avuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali amaze kuwushyira ku murongo mu myubakire,Mutsindashyaka Theoneste yerekeje kuyobora Intara y’Iburasirazuba ahava agaruka i Kigali mu kuba Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi.

Kuva Werurwe 2008 kugera Nyakanga 2009 yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye

Mu 2009, Icyongereza cyemejwe nk’ururimi rwo kwigamo amasomo yose mu mashuri yisumbuye gisimbura Igifaransa, hagamijwe ko u Rwanda rutanga ubumenyi buzatuma rupiganwa ku isoko ry’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba( EAC) rwinjiyemo muri Nyakanga 2007 ndetse n’umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Icyongereza(Commonwealth).

Igifaransa cyagabanyirijwe amasaha mu mashuri yisumbuye, mu cyiciro rusange bacyigaga amasaha atandatu mu cyumweru agirwa abiri.

Amashuri abanza yitwaga Ecoles Primaires yaje kongerwaho ay’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 9 na 12, ahindurirwa amazina yitwa ‘Urwunge rw’amashuri’(Groupe Scolaire).

Yazanye Mwalimu Sacco, azana abanyamahanga basaga ibihumbi 43 bafashije mu kwigisha icyongereza mu mashuri (instructors).

Yagize kandi uruhare mu gushishikariza abakobwa kwiga amasomo y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro

M u gihe cye abarimu bategetswe kwigisha bambaye amataburiya.

Gahunda ya mudasobwa imwe ku mwana, zagombaga guhabwa abasaga ibihumbi 100 nubwo isa n’itaratanze umusaruro wari witezwe bitewe n’uko hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe byatanzwemo izi mudasobwa bidafite umuriro w’amashanyarazi cyangwa ubundi buryo zakoreshwa, bigatuma zibikwa igihe kinini zidakoreshwa, bikiyongeraho kuba abarimu bagombaga kuzigisha no kuzikanika nta bumenyi bari bazifiteho, utibagiwe kuziba n’ibindi.

Nta wakwirengagiza ko muri 2009 habaye izindi mpinduka mu burezi zari zijyanye no guhuza amasomo (Combination) mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye.

Urugero nk’abigaga Bio-Chime bagabanywa mu mashami mashya yiswe PCB (Physics- -Chemistry - Biology) na MCB (Mathematics-Chemistry-Biology). Abigaga indimi bagabanywa mu mashami nka EKK (English-Kinyarwanda -Kiswahili), EFK (English- French-Kinyarwanda).

Uburyo bwo kubara amanota bwiswe ‘Aggregate’ bwatangiye muri 2008 Mutsindashyaka ayobora.

Icyakora Mutsindashyaka ntiyatinze kuri uyu mwanya kuko yaje kuwuvanwaho ndetse afungirwa muri gereza ya Kigali yamenyekanye nka (1930) kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 2009 ashinjwa kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, inyandiko mpimbano, kwigwizaho umutungo muburyo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, no kubeshya urwego rw’umuvunyi umutungo afite,. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohotse muri gereza agizwe umwere.

DR.HAREBAMUNGU MATHIAS

Ambasaderi Harebamungu yakoze imirimo myinshi yibanda ku burezi. Yabaye umurezi mu mashuri abanza, ayisumbuye na Kaminuza.

Yabaye Umunyamabanga wa Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu aho yakuwe muri iyo mirimo muri 2014.

Uyu yakundaga kwibutsa ababyeyi kenshi ko ireme ry’uburezi ritangirira mu rugo, atari iryo ku ishuri gusa.

Dr Harebamungu yasize impinduka zikomeye ku burere bw’abanyeshuri

Uyu ni we Munyamabanga wa Leta (Minisitiri wungirije) wafashe ibyemezo byinshi mu gihe cye, ugereranyije n’abamubanjirije kuri uwo mwanya muri iyo Minisiteri.

Dr Mathias Harebamungu yibukirwa ku mpinduka nyinshi yazanye mu burezi bw’u Rwanda, ubwo yari Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye.

Yabanje guca ikoreshwa rya Telefoni zigendanwa mu banyeshuri bo mu mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, kuko yemezaga ko bibarangaza, ntibige neza.

Yibukirwaho cyane ku gufata isuka agacoca telefoni zari zafatanywe abanyeshuri bo mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye mu karere ka Ruhango.

Icyo gikorwa yakoze muri 2013 cyari kigamije guha gasopo abanyeshuri bajyana telefoni ku ishuri.

Izindi mpinduka zagaragaye ni ugufunga Cantine mu mashuri yisumbuye.

Harebamungu yasobanuye ko abayobozi b’amashuri bari barazigize ubucuruzi aho kurengera imibereho myiza y’umunyeshuri. Ibi byiyongeraho guca ibyo kuboha imisatsi ku bakobwa.

Gushyiraho uburyo bwihariye bwo gutaha no gutangira amashuri, aho yavuye mu biro bya Minisiteri y’Uburezi akagera no muri Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo hagashakishwa uburyo abana bajya bataha bakanasubira ku ishuri mu mutekano, kandi badahutajwe.

Gusubiza iwabo umunyeshuri watinze kugera ku ishuri, no gukurikirana niba abana bagera iwabo ku gihe batashye, mu rwego rwo guca akajagari kabagaho, aho abana bamaraga ibyumweru hagati ya kimwe na bibiri bakizerera hirya no hino (cyane cyane mu bikorwa by’uburara), ababyeyi bakibwira ko abana bageze ku ishuri, abayobozi b’amashuri na bo bakibwira ko abana batinze mu biruhuko.

Nawe yazamuye imitsindishirize mu bigo by’amashuri n’ibindi bitandukanye.

Dr Harebamungu Mathias, yanditse ibitabo byinshi by’ubuhanga , harimo Thèse yise "Gestion des ressources en eau Population rurale Rwanda", hakaba n’ikindi yise "Le café et les caféiculteurs au Rwanda : Cas du District de Maraba (Butare) dans la province du Sud" yandikanye n’abandi Banyarwanda babiri.

Yahagarariye u Rwanda mu bihugu birimo Sénégal, Liberia, Cabo Verde, Sierra Leone.

DR VINCENT BIRUTA


Dr Biruta ubarizwa mu ishyaka rya PSD, amaze kuyobora Minisiteri eshanu kandi zifite inshingano zitandukanye, ndetse zinahabanye gusa zihuriye ku kubaka u Rwanda.

Mu Ukuboza 2011, yagizwe Minisitiri w’Uburezi kugeza muri Nyakanga 2014 ndetse hafashwe ibyemezo bitandukanye.

Muri 2013, abanyeshuri bari barasimbutse icyiciro rusange badakoze ikizamini kibemerera kwiga mu wa kane basubijwe inyuma kujya kugikora.

Ni ubwa mbere byari bibayeho kuko mbere hari abatarakangwaga n’icyo kizamini kibiza benshi ibyuya. Ku ikubitiro abanyeshuri bagera ku 6.186 bari barasimbutse icyo kizamini biyandikishirije kugikora.

Mu gihe cye nibwo Kaminuza zose za leta zahujwe zihinduka imwe yiswe "Kaminuza yu Rwanda",hanyuma izari zizwi nka KIST,KIE,SFB,n’izindi ziba amashami.Hari muri 2013.

Mu gihe cya Dr Vincent Biruta,yahanganye n’ikibazo cy’inguzanyo z’abanyeshuri [buruse]cyahinduye isura biba ngombwa ko hakoreshwa ibyiciro by’Ubudehe mu kuyisaba.