Buri mwaka muri Kanama, abanyarwanda bizihiza umunsi w’Umuganura aho amateka yerekana ko ubusanzwe ari umuhango wahoze mu nzira z’ubwiru wubahwaga kandi ugahabwa agaciro i Bwami no mu muryango nyarwanda wose.

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Umuganura watangiye kwizihizwa mu Rwanda ku ngoma ya Gihanga Ngomijana mu kinyejana cya cyenda, hanyuma uza kongera guhabwa imbaraga na Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543) ubwo yabohoraga u Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka irenga 11 ruri mu maboko y’abanyamahanga (Abanyabungo) bari barakuyeho imihango yose ikomeye n’ubwiru mu Rwanda.

Umuganura wabaye imwe mu nzira z’ubwiru, kenshi na kenshi dufata nk’itegeko nshinga ryo mu Rwanda rwo hambere. Ni umwe mu byafatirwagaho ibitaramo nyarwanda, kuko nawo wari ufite umwanya mu bitaramo bitanu byari bikomeye mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere.

Mu munsi mukuru w’umuganura, ibwami hazaga imyaka y’amoko menshi yabaga yeze muri ibyo bihe, ariko mu kuwutegura no kuwizihiza, hakifashishwa imbuto nkuru y’amasaka, ari nayo bengagamo amarwa n’inturire, ubundi bagasangira bishimira ibyiza byagezweho.

Ku rwego rw’Igihugu, Umuganura wayoborwaga n’Umwami afashijwe n’abanyamihango b’Umuganura (abo kwa Rutsobe n’abo kwa Myaka ya Musana) naho ku rwego rw’umuryango, umukuru w’umuryango akaba ari we wayoboraga iyo mihango.

Ku munsi w’Umuganura, abayobozi basabanaga n’abayoborwa mu gitaramo cy’imihigo, abana bagasabana n’ababyeyi. Ni muri icyo gitaramo cy’Umuganura hamurikwaga ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa (inka nziza, umusaruro ushimishije n’ibindi maze abakoze neza bagashimwa, ibigwari bikagawa.

Kwizihiza Umuganura byongeye gucibwa n’abakoloni mu 1925, ubwo Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba wari ushinzwe Umuganura yaciribwaga mu Burundi. Nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge, abantu bakomeje kwizihiza Umuganura mu miryango ariko ubuyobozi bwariho muri icyo gihe ntibwashyiramo imbaraga ngo Umuganura uhabwe agaciro ukwiye.

Muri iki gihe, kwizihiza Umuganura byasubiranye agaciro byahoranye kandi kandi ibirori byawo bifite amasomo biha Abanyarwanda mu nzira y’iterambere ry’Igihugu.

Mu muganura abanyarwanda bakuramo amasomo abafasha kurangwa n’umwete ku murimo, gusabana kw’abagize imiryango, abayobozi n’abo bayobora. Ikindi kandi utoza Abanyarwanda kwigenzura bagamije kunoza imikorere, bakanaboneraho guteganya ibikorwa byarushaho kubateza imbere.

Umuganura mbere y’Abakoroni

Umuhango w’Umuganura wizihizwaga ku mwero w’amasaka maze Abanyarwanda bagashimira Imana uburumbuke bw’umuryango, imyaka n’amatungo yabahaye. Abanyamihango bazaniraga Umwami amata n’izindi mbuto nkuru ari zo amasaka, uburo, inzuzi n’isogi.

Umwami yafataga umwuko agatangiza umuhango wo kuvugira umutsima rubanda baje mu Muganura, akawuvuga apfukamye yerekana icyubahiro aha abo ayobora ndetse n’Igihugu.

Nyuma y’umuhango wo kuganura hakurikiragaho ibirori by’Umuganura byasozwaga n’igitaramo cy’imihigo. Muri ibyo birori Umwami yamurikirwaga umusaruro unyuranye w’Abanyarwanda bavuye impande zose z’Igihugu, hakaba amarushanwa y’indashyikirwa.

Guhera uwo munsi imiryango na yo yarateranaga maze umukuru w’umuryango akayobora imihango n’ibirori byayikurikiraga. Cyaraziraga kugira uwo wima cyangwa uheza ku munsi w’Umuganura, imiryango yarasangiraga kandi aho bishoboboka igasurana.

Umuganura rero ni kimwe mu byatumye u Rwanda ruba igihugu gikomeye kitavogerwa kuko watumye Abanyarwanda bunga ubumwe. Ikindi kandi, ibirori byo kwizihiza Umuganura cyane cyane amarushanwa yabaga abiherekeje, byagize uruhare runini mu kongerera agaciro bimwe mu byari bigize ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda: imbyino, imitako, inka, imyaka n’ibindi.

Kwizihiza Umuganura muri iki gihe

Leta y’u Rwanda igendeye ku byiza n’akamaro Umuganura wagize mu kubaka Igihugu, yawuhaye agaciro gakomeye ishyiraho umunsi w’ikiruhuko (buri wa gatanu wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa Kanama) kugira ngo kuri uwo munsi Abanyarwanda basabane, bunge ubumwe, bazirikane ibyiza bagezeho ari nako bahiga gukora neza kurushaho umwaka ukurikiyeho.

Kwizihiza Umuganura muri iki gihe byarenze imbibi zo kwita ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi gusa bigera no mu zindi nzego zireba ubuzima n’iterambere by’Abanyarwanda.

Abanyarwanda bizihiza Umuganura batekereza ku musaruro w’ibyagezweho mu by’ubuzima, uburezi, ikoranabuhanga, imikino n’imyidagaduro, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, inganda, ibikorwa remezo, umuco, ubukerarugendo n’ibindi.

Kwita ku musaruro muri izo nzego zose nk’uko byahoze bigamije kwishimira ibyo Abanyarwanda bagezeho hakanafatwa ingamba zo kuzakora byinshi kurushaho mu mwaka ukurikiyeho.