Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Curtin muri Australia bafatanyije n’Umunyarwanda bagaragaje ko mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere imyanda ikomoka kuri pulasitiki ifite ingaruka nyinshi kandi zititabwaho uko bikwiye kuko bamwe bayikoresha nk’ibicanwa

Ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’itsinda ry’abashakashatsi 40 bwasohotse ku itariki 8 Mutarama 2016 mu kinyamakuru cyitwa Nature Communications kiri mu bikomeye ku Isi mu gutangaza ubushakashatsi.

Bwayobowe na Dr. Bishal Bharadwaj mu gihe Umunyarwanda wafatanyije n’iryo tsinda ari Prof. Kabera Telesphore wigisha muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda hashingiwe ku mikoranire iri hagati y’izo kaminuza zombi.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bantu 1.018 bo mu bihugu 26 bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere byo muri Aziya, Amerika y’Epfo no muri Afurika.

Bugaragaza ko umwe mu bantu batatu babajijwe bavuze ko bazi ahantu batuye pulasitiki itwikwa hagamijwe gutanga ingufu. Ni mu gihe abantu 16% by’ababajijwe biyemereye ko batwika pulasitiki mu ngo zabo, cyane mu guteka no gushyushya mu nzu.

Abasubije gutyo biganje mu bihugu byo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara bikiri mu bukene.

Izindi mpamvu zagaragajwe zitera gutwika pulasitiki ni uko ari imyanda yabaye myinshi kandi nta buryo bunoze bwo kuyikusanya buhari, ndetse abandi bakayitwika kubera kugorwa no kwigondera cyangwa kutabona byoroshye ibindi bicanwa.

Pulasitiki zicanwa cyane ni izipfunyikwamo ibyo kurya n’amacupa y’ibinyobwa, akenshi akozwe mu pulasitiki izwi nka PET n’iyitwa polyethylene. Zicanwa mu mashyiga asanzwe y’amabuye atatu cyangwa bakazicanira hamwe n’amakara.

Dr. Bishal Bharadwaj wayoboye ubwo bushakashatsi yavuze ko icyo kibazo cy’imyanda ikomoka kuri pulasitiki idacungwa neza gikomeye kandi bigoye gukikora ubushakashatsi ariko ko ari intangiriro yatanze ishusho y’ibihari.

Ati “Iyo imiryango idashoboye kubona ibicanwa bitangiza ibidukikije kandi nta buryo bwo gukusanya imyanda buhari, pulasitiki ibababera umutwaro ariko bikanarangira ibabereye ibicanwa. Twabonye uburyo abantu batwika pulasitiki yose bafite kuva ku masashi, ibipfunyikishwamo ibyo kurya n’amacupa kugira ngo bakemure ikibazo cy’ibicanwa.”

Yongeyeho ko icyo kibazo gikomeye kurenza uko abantu bagitekereza, ariko kubera ko kiganje mu bihugu bikennye, kititabwaho ku rwego mpuzamahanga nyamara gifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima no ku bidukikije.

Prof. Hari Vuthaluru na we uri mu bakoze ubwo bushakashatsi yatanze urugero ku pulasitiki yitwa PVC ikunze gukorwamo amatiyo y’amazi ndetse ikaba ku mwanya wa gatatu mu zitwika cyane.

Yavuze ko iyo itwitswe isohora imyuka y’uburozi bukomeye yitwa ‘dioxins’ n’iyitwa ‘furans’, kuri ubu iri mu yihumanya Isi cyane.

Yasobanuye ko iyo myuka iguma mu bidukikije igihe kirekire, ikinjira mu biribwa, kandi ishobora gutera indwara zikomeye zirimo kanseri, ibibazo byo kororoka ndetse igaca intege imikorere y’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri.

Ubwo bushakashatsi kandi bwagaragaje ko hafi y’aho pulasitiki zitwikirwa hari ubumara buhamanya bwagaragaye mu magi ndetse no mu butaka.

Bwagaragaje kandi ko uburozi bukomoka ku gutwika pulasitiki bushobora kugera ku bihingwa, bukinjira mu mazi ndetse no kwivanga n’ibiryo kandi ko ibyo ari ibyago bikomeye cyane ku buzima byiyongera ku bibazo bisanzwe bihari.

Abenshi mu babajijwe bavuze ko bazi ko gutwika pulasitiki ari bibi kuko 62% muri bo bagaragaje ko baziko bishobora guhumanya gusa hakaba imbogamizi y’uko babura ubumenyi bwimbitse ku ngaruka zabyo mu buryo bwimbitse bigatuma bakomeza kubikora.

Mu Rwanda bihagaze bite?

Prof. Kabera yabwiye IGIHE ko ubwo bushakashatsi bwashakaga kugaragaza uburyo imyanda iva kuri pulasitiki icungwa kuko ari imwe mu yidakunze kuvugwa cyane kandi iteje ikibazo.

Ati “Twashakaga kumenya uko abantu bacunga imyanda ya pulasitiki kuko usanga havugwa cyane imyanda isanzwe yo mu ngo, iva ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi binyabutabire ariko pulasitiki ntivugwe cyane.”
Yavuze ko muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara ubwo bushakashatsi bwakorewe no mu Rwanda gusa, agaragaza ko basanze hari intambwe rwateye mu micungire y’imyanda ikomoka kuri pulasitiki.

Ati “Ugereranyije n’ahandi mu Rwanda twe duhagaze neza kuko nk’ubwo twagerageje gushaka abantu bari gutwika pulasitiki turayibura. Gusa icyo twabonye ni uko mu bice by’icyaro, pulasitiki z’amashashi bapfunyikamo zigikoreshwa nubwo amashashi mu Rwanda yaciwe. Ntitwabashije kumenya aho zikomoka ariko ziracyakoreshwa.”

Uwo mashakashatsi yongeyeho ko pulasitiki ishobora kumara imyaka 400 mu butaka, ndetse ko mubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2025 bwagaragaje ko hari utuvungukira twayo tugera ku bwonko bw’umuntu twinshi kurusha utugera ku mpyiko no ku mwijima, kandi ko dushobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bwirinzi bw’umubiri.