Niba wararebye Film yitwa ‘The Conclave’ uko bisa kose ufite ishusho y’uko itorwa rya Papa rikorwa, uhereye ku mwiherero w’Aba-Cardinal kugera papa asohotse ku ibaraza rya Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero akageza ijambo rye rya mbere ku mbaga itabarika y’Abakirisitu n’Isi.

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Iyi filme yerekana byinshi bibera muri uyu mwiherero, nubwo ubusanzwe ukorwa mu ibanga rikomeye. Uyu mwiherero ubera muri Chapelle Sistine, nta bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bihari kandi hafunze ku buryo iyo nta Papa utowe hasohoka umwotsi w’umukara ku gasongero na ho iyo atowe hagasohoka umwotsi w’umweru.

Gusa iyi filme siyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, ahubwo nagira ngo nkubwire ko umugani wa babandi ‘Nta byera ngo de’.

Ibyo tubona muri Filime tuba twumva ari inkuru mpimbano ariko nyamara hari amahano aba yarabeye ahantu utatekereza ko yahabera, urugero nko mu itorwa rya Papa.

Mbere y’uko nkomeza, inkuru yanjye si impimpano ahubwo ni ibyanditse mu gitabo cy’umwarimu w’amateka, Frederic J. Baumgartner, cyitwa ‘Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections’ kigaruka ku bintu bitangaje byabayeho mu itorwa rya papa mu bihe byahise.

Muri iki gitabo avuga ibintu byinshi gusa reka nkubwire amwe mu mahano yabayeho mu mateka y’itorwa rya papa.

Kiliziya yagize papa urenze umwe mu gihe kimwe

Mu 1378 abaturage barenga ibihumbi 20 biraye mu mihanda y’i Roma bashaka ko Papa agaruka muri uwo mujyi, kubera ko guhera mu 1309 Papa yabaga Avignon mu Bufaransa.

Aba baturage bari barakaye cyane nk’uko Baumgartner abigaragaza aho bavugaga amagambo akomeye babwiraga Aba-cardinal bati “Turashaka Papa w’Umuromani cyangwa nibura Umutaliyani, bitabaye ibyo turabica. Mwa ba-Cardinal mwe nimutaduha umwe muri abo, iyo mitwe yanyu turayigira umutuku nk’izo ngofero mwambara.”

Ayo magambo yateye Aba-cardinal ubwoba, bahitamo kuba batoye Papa w’Umutaliyani wahawe izina rya Urban VI, kugira ngo abaturage batuze cyane ko bumvaga Urban azahita yegura nk’umuntu wabonye ibyabaye.

Ibyo ntibyagenze nk’uko babitekerezaga kuko Papa Urban VI yanze kwegura, Aba-cardinal barinda batangaza ko amatora yapfuye ndetse batora undi Papa w’i Genève mu Busuwisi wahawe izina rya Clement VII.

Aya mahano yamaze imyaka 40, Papa umwe aba mu Bufarana undi aba i Roma. Byakuweho mu 1418 ubwo Inama Nkuru ya Kiliziya Gatolika (Council of Constance) yemezaga ko hagomba kubaho Papa umwe w’i Roma, ndetse abo ba papa bombi bakurwaho.

Umu-Cardinal akubitirwa mu matora ya Papa

Mu matora yo mu 1605. Aba-Cardinal bari bashyigikiye Umunyamateka Cesare Baronio, n’abari bishyigikiye uwahoze ari umusirikare Domenico Tosco bagiranye ubushyamirane bwaje kuvamo n’imirwano.

Ubu bushyamirane bwari bukabije ku buryo bwabashaga kugera hanze y’inyubako batoreragamo, ndetse n’Umu-cardinal warimo ushaje cyane avunika amagufwa menshi.

Icyakora aba ba-Cardinal byarangiye batoye umu Papa umwe bumvikanyeho, ari we Paul V.

Umwami w’Abami wa Autriche yanze Papa watowe

Mu matora ya Papa yo mu 1903 Umwami w’Abami wa Autriche yanze ko Cardinal wari watowe icyo gihe, Mariano Rampolla agirwa Papa kubera impamvu zitigeze zimenyekana neza.

Icyo gihe Abami bakomeye ndetse n’Abayobozi bakomeye muri Kiliziya Gatolika bagiraga icyitwaga ‘jus exclusivæ’, bwari ububasha bubemerera guhagarika cyangwa gukuraho Papa watowe.

Bivugwa ko uyu Mwami yari yararakariye uwo mu Papa kubera ko yanze gukorera umwana we wari wapfuye yiyahuye imigenzo ya Kiliziya Gatolika yo gushyingura.

Ngayo amahano yatumye kuva mu 1903 Kiliziya Gatolika ifata umwanzuro w’uko nta makuru yo mu mwiherero wo gutora Papa azongera gushyirwa hanze uko byaba byagenze kose.