Ubwanditsi: Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko ni ibitekerezo by’impuguke mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu akaba anabifitemo Impamyabumenyi y’Ikirenga, Dr. Ndaruhutse Jean Claude. Asanga kugira ngo gutwara abantu mu buryo bwa rusange bigende neza muri Kigali, hakenewe ko biva mu maboko y’abikorera bigakorwa n’Ikigo cya leta.

Mu Nama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano ya 18 yabaye ku wa 27 na 28 Gashyantare 2023, Guverinoma yatangaje ko izongera mu mihanda y’Umujyi wa Kigali imodoka zitwara abagenzi zisaga 300.

Mu Ugushyingo 2023 Guverinoma yahamije ko 200 zamaze kugurwa. Icyo gihe 40 zari zamaze kugezwa i Kigali 60 ziri mu nzira na ho 100 zitegerejwe muri Mutarama 2024.

Abari barambiwe imirongo miremire mu masaha y’igitondo abantu bajya mu kazi na nimugoroba bataha bariruhukije bumva ko ikibazo kigiye gukemuka, ariko siko byagenze.

Abantu baracyamara igihe kirenga isaha bicaye mu modoka bategereje ko yuzura ngo ibone guhaguruka, cyane cyane mu masaha abagenzi baba atari benshi mu muhanda.

Impuguke mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu, Dr. Ndaruhutse Jean Claude yavuze ko Impamvu yabyo ari uko izo modoka zihabwa abikorera baba ari abacuruzi bareba cyane ku nyungu kurusha gutanga serivisi nziza ari na yo mpamvu bakerereza abagenzi bategereje ko imodoka iva mu cyapa yuzuye.

Ibyo ngo bitandukanye n’igihe bikorwa na leta kuko yo iba igomba guharanira inyungu rusange ku baturage bityo bigatuma habaho gahunda izwi y’uburyo ingendo zikorwa kandi ikubahirizwa.

Ubwikorezi rusange, butandukanye n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubucuruzi kuko bugira uruhare mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage no guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umujyi, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, umubyigano w’imodoka no gufasha mu iterambere ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, ibintu bitaba mu nyungu z’abikorera bityo akaba ari yo mpamvu bikwiye gukorwa na Leta.

Uku gutinda mu modoka abantu bagakererwa gahunda zabo ni byo bituma benshi bahendwa n’ingendo batega moto, taxi voiture cyangwa bakiyemeza gufata inguzanyo ngo bagure izabo.

Ibi biba bishyira kongera umuvundo w’imodoka, kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere n’ibindi bibazo byaturuka ku bwiyongere bw’ibinyabiziga.

Yifashishije ingero z’abashakashatsi, Dr. Ndaruhutse agaragaza ko imijyi yashyizeho ibigo bya leta bishinzwe ubwikorezi yagize impinduka nziza.

Yatanze urugero ku gitabo cyanditswe n’Umwarimu akaba n’Umushakashatsi muri Kaminuza ya Pennsylvania, Prof. Vukan R. Vuchic, mu 2005, kigaragaza ko aho Ibigo byigenga bitwara abantu ku buryo bwa rusange, byagiye byotswa igitutu cyo gutanga serivisi nziza byagiye bidohoka kubera kubura inyungu nyinshi byakuraga mu baturage.

Ati “Iki kibazo Kigali irimo kunyuramo n’indi mijyi yateye imbere yagiye ikinyuramo ariko ikagishakira ibisubizo birambye.”

Muri iki gitabo Prof. Vuchic yatanze urugero rw’Imijyi nka San Francisco, New York, na Philadelphia yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za America yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira ubwikorezi rusange mu maboko ya Leta kugira ngo bubashe gutanga serivisi nziza ku baturage.

Yagaragaje ko kugeza mu 1970, Muri Amerika habarurwaga ibigo 159 by’imodoka zitwara abagenzi byari mu maboko ya leta byari bihwanye gusa na 15% by’umubare wose w’abakora ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Gusa ni byo byatwaraga abagenzi benshi kuko byatwaraga 77%.

Gushyira ibigo by’ubwikorezi mu maboko ya leta byarakomeje aho muri 1990 byari bimaze kuba ibigo 1580 bingana na 31% byatwaraga 94% by’abakora ingendo bose mu gihugu.

Abashakashatsi b’Abongereza Dr. Ian Taylor na Dr. Lynn muri raporo basohoye mu 2016 bagaragaje ko imijyi myinshi yo mu Bufaransa naho hashyizweho ikigo cya leta gishinzwe gucunga no gukora ubwikorezi rusange mu mijyi nyuma yo kubwambura ibigo by’abikorera kuko bitari birimo gutanga umusaruro wifuzwaga. Iyo raporo yanagaragajeko mu Budage, no muri Austria ibigo bya Leta ari byo bifite uruhare runini mu gukora ubwikorezi rusange.

Inyungu zo gushyira ubwikorezi rusange mu maboko ya Leta

Umushakashatsi akaba n’umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Pennsylvania Prof. Vukan R. Vuchic muri iki gitabo cye yagaragaje ibyiza byo gushyira ubwikorezi mu maboko ya leta ugereranyije n’ubwikorezi bw’ibigo by’abikorera.

Prof. Vuchic agaragaza ko gushyira ubwikorezi mu maboko ya leta ugereranyije n’ubwikorezi bw’ibigo by’abikorera, bifite inyungu mu guhuza imihanda yose ikoreshwa n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi rusange mu mujyi wose igacungwa n’ikigo kimwe cya leta, sisitemu imwe n’ingengabihe imwe.

Ibi bifasha mu kugabanya ikiguzi cyatangwaga mu gukorwa ubwikorezi haba ku kigo gikora ubwikorezi rusange cyangwa se abagenzi. Umugenzi aba ashobora gufata bisi, akayivamo agafata indi ntasabwe kongera kwishyura. Yishyura rimwe gusa urugendo rwose, akenshi hashingiwe ku ntera cyangwa zone anyuramo, aho kwishyura buri kinyabiziga. Ibi bituma gukoresha ubwikorezi rusange biba byoroshye bityo bigakururira abantu benshi kubukoresha.

Indi nyungu Prof. Vuchic agaraza ni uko ikigo cya leta gishyira imbere guha serivisi abaturage kurusha guharanira inyungu bigatuma no mu masaha abagenzi aba atari benshi mu muhanda, imodoka zigenda kenshi bigakemura cya kibazo cy’abamara umwanya munini bicaye mu modoka bategereje ko yuzura ngo ibone guhaguruka.

Izindi nyungu uyu mushakashatsi Prof. Vuchic muri icyo gitabo cye ni uko iyo ubwikorezi bukozwe n’ikigo cya Leta nkunganire leta ishyira mu bwikorezi ikoreshwa neza bigatuma amafaranga ya rubanda akoreshwa neza mu kongera ubwiza bwa serivisi zo gutwara abantu ku buryo bwa rusange, kwagura ubwikorezi bukagera ahantu hose, no kugera ku ntego zagutse z’iterambere ry’imijyi, aho gukoreshwa gusa mu nyungu z’abantu ku giti cyabo.

Isomo Kigali yakwigira ku yindi Mijyi

Abashakashatsi b’Abongereza Dr. Ian Taylor na Dr. Lynn Sloman bagaragaje ko mu Bufaransa, imijyi nka Saumur na Thionville yasheshe amasezerano yari ifitanye n’ikigo cy’abikorera cyakoraga ubwikorezi rusange ihitamo gushyira ubwikorezi mu maboko y’umujyi, bituma babasha kuzigama 15% by’ikiguzi cyo gukora serivisi. Aya mafaranga bazigamye bayashoye mu kongera ubwiza bwa serivisi yo gutwara abantu ku buryo bwa rusange bityo ubwikorezi rusange burushaho gutanga umusaruro mwiza no gukurura abagenzi benshi.

Aba bashakashatsi bakomeje bagaragaza ko mu Bwongereza, sosiyete Reading Buses y’umujyi wa Reading, buri mwaka ishoramo amafaranga y’inyongera angana na miliyoni 3 z’Amapawundi (bingana na 12-15% by’amafaranga yinjiza buri mwaka), bigatuma irushaho gutanga service nziza z’ubwikorezi rusange. Uru akaba ari urugero rwiza rugaragaza ukuntu ubwikorezi rusange bukozwe n’umujyi cyangwa ikigo cya leta butanga umusaruro mwiza bukagirira akamaro abaturage kurusha ubukozwe n’abikorera.

Impuguke mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu, Dr. Ndaruhutse Jean Claude asanga ubwikorezi rusange buramutse bukozwe na Leta mu Mujyi wa Kigali, byaba umusingi wo kuvugurura uburyo bw’ingendo, harimo gushyiraho bisi yihuta izwi nka Bus Rapid Transit, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu bwikorezi, ndetse no gutegura kuzubaka gari ya moshi ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara abagenzi benshi icyarimwe mu gihe kizaza.

Akomeza ati “Gufata ubwikorezi rusange nka serivisi rusange nk’amazi cyangwa umuriro w’amashanyarazi, bivuze gufata ingendo nk’uburenganzira bwa buri muturage aho kubifata nk’ubucuruzi bugamije inyungu gusa.”