Ku mubare ukomeje kwiyongera w’abasaba ubuhungiro n’abimukira kubera impamvu z’ubukungu (z’imibereho) bakomoka muri Afurika baba muri Amerika, amatora ya perezida yimirije ashobora guhindura ejo hazaza habo hose.

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Dr Yves Kaduli, w’imyaka 38, ukomoka muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, uba muri Amerika aho asaba ubuhungiro, agira ati: "Dukwiye umutekano."

Mu kiganiro na BBC, yongeyeho ati: "Mfite inzozi ko nzarwanirira abatotezwa."

Dr Kaduli avuga ko mu mwaka wa 2014, yahunze uburasirazuba bwa DR Congo – bumaze imyaka irenga 30 bushegeshwa n’intambara – nyuma yuko ashimuswe akanakorerwa iyicarubozo.

Yari umuganga ku bitaro bya Cifunzi mu mujyi wa Kalonge, mu ntara ya Kivu y’Epfo, ndetse yiboneye bya hafi ingaruka z’intambara.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Abagore bafashwe ku ngufu. Narabibonye. Nabyiyumvisemo [byankozeho] mu mubiri wanjye."

Dr Kaduli avuga ko nyuma yo gushya ubwoba kubera kubona abasivile bishwe hamwe n’abakomeretse, we na bagenzi be benshi bakoranaga barimo na Dr Denis Mukwege, wahawe igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel, bitabiriye imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana ubwicanyi no gufata abagore ku ngufu bikorwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, banenga ubutegetsi bw’uwari Perezida wa DR Congo, Joseph Kabila, kubera kunanirwa guha umutekano abaturage.

Uyu muganga avuga ko ibyo byatumye yibasirwa n’abagabo batazwi.

Dr Kaduli aribuka agira ati: "Baraje, baramfata n’undi mugenzi wanjye badutwara ku ngufu ubwo twari turi ku kazi kacu ka nijoro."

Yongeraho ko bahise bajyanwa mu nkambi y’agateganyo yari iri mu ishyamba ryari riri hafi aho, barahakubitirwa, bakorerwa iyicarubozo ndetse bakangishwa kwicwa.

Dr Kaduli avuga ko nyuma yo gufungwa umunsi umwe, yashoboye gutoroka, afata icyemezo cyuko agomba gusohoka akava mu gihugu.

Nyuma yo gusiga nyina n’umuhungu we ukiri muto, Dr Kaduli avuga ko yatangiye urwaje guhinduka urugendo rw’imyaka itanu, abanza kunyura mu Rwanda baturanye, nyuma afata indege imujyana muri Cuba, Ecuador (Équateur) na Nicaragua, nuko amaherezo mu mwaka wa 2019 agera ku mupaka w’Amerika na Mexique.

"Nagumye ku mupaka mu gihe nibura cy’ukwezi kumwe, twabaga mu mahema matoya mu buzima butari ubwa kimuntu."

Dr Kaduli avuga nyuma yashoboye kwambukira muri Amerika, nuko afungwa mu gihe cy’amezi 15, abona kurekurwa.

Ubu atuye muri leta ya Virginia, aho akora nk’umutekinisiye wo mu buvuzi (umufasha wa muganga), mu gihe ategereje icyemezo kuri dosiye ye isaba ubuhungiro.

Dr Kaduli ni umwe mu bimukira b’Abanyafurika babarirwa mu bihumbi buri mwaka bijajara bakarangiza urugendo rurerure kandi rurimo ibyago rwo kugera ku mupaka w’Amerika na Mexique. Ni umubare urimo kwiyongera.

Ariko, mu gihe Abanyamerika benshi bavuga ko abimukira ari ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane muri aya matora, ndetse abakandida bombi bakaba basezeranya guhashya ibibera ku mupaka, Abanyafurika basaba ubuhungiro bafite impungenge ko abaturage bashobora kuzabahinduka.

Dr Kaduli yabwiye BBC ati: "Tubona abanyapolitike bacu bahindura icyaha uburyo tubayemo, baduhindura dayimoni [basebya abo turi bo] ndetse [baramutse] babaye perezida, bashobora kugena ejo hazaza hacu."

Mu mwaka wa 2022, abimukira b’Abanyafurika bagera ku 13,000 babaruwe ku mupaka w’Amerika na Mexique, nkuko bigaragazwa n’imibare y’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe gasutamo no kurinda umupaka. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2023, uwo mubare wari wamaze kwikuba inshuro enye, ugera ku bantu 58,000.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) ritangaza ko habayeho ukwiyongera cyane kuri uwo mupaka kw’abasaba ubuhungiro muri Amerika bo muri Afurika y’uburengerazuba, bo mu bihugu nka Sénégal, Mauritania na Guinea (Conakry) kuva mu mwaka wa 2022.

Abasaba ubuhungiro bashya b’Abanya-Sénégal bonyine baratumbagiye bava ku bantu 773 mu mwaka wa 2022, bagera ku bantu 13,224 muri uyu mwaka wa 2024.

Nubwo muri rusange Sénégal ari igihugu gitekanye, abarenga kimwe cya gatatu (1/3) cy’abaturage bayo babayeho mu bucyene, nkuko Banki y’Isi ibitangaza.

Umubare ukomeje kwiyongera w’urubyiruko rw’Abanya-Sénégal, bahitamo gusuhukira muri Amerika aho kwishora mu nzira irimo ibyago ijya i Burayi inyuze mu nyanja ya Mediterane.

Barimo guhitamo inzira irimo kurushaho kuyobokwa inyura muri Nicaragua, igihugu kizwiho gutanga uruhushya rwo kucyinjiramo (cyangwa ’visa’) mu buryo bworoshye, iyo nzira itangazwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, zirimo n’urubuga rwa TikTok.

Muri Nzeri (9) mu mwaka wa 2023, Abanya-Sénégal barenga 140 barirukanwe basubizwa iwabo nyuma yo kwambuka umupaka wa Mexique n’Amerika.

Abantu barimo kujya muri Amerika ku mpamvu zitandukanye, nkuko bivugwa na Kathleen Bush-Joseph, umushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku igenamigambi rijyanye n’abimukira (Migration Policy Institute) cyo muri Amerika, kidafite uruhande kibogamiyeho muri politike, gikoresha amafaranga avuye mu mfashanyo zigenewe ubushakashatsi n’ay’imiryango y’ubugiraneza.

Agira ati: "Abantu bashobora kuba bahunga itotezwa ndetse bahunga ku mpamvu zishingiye ku bukungu zituma bibagora kugaburira abana babo. Hari inyungu mu gusaba ubuhungiro kuko bashobora kubona uruhushya rwo gukora akazi mu gihe bategereje [kububona] ndetse ibyo bishobora rwose gufasha abantu bashaka kwiteza imbere mu buzima bwabo."

Kubona ubuhungiro muri Amerika biragoye by’umwihariko ku bimukira b’Abanyafurika.

Imbogamizi y’ururimi, kutagira benewabo bisangamo igihe bahageze no kuba intambara zibera muri Afurika zitazwi muri Amerika, bituma igikorwa kigoye cyo gusaba ubuhungiro kigorana cyane kurushaho ku Banyafurika, nkuko Bush-Joseph abivuga.

Uwo mugore yabwiye BBC ati: "Abacamanza n’abanyamategeko [abunganizi] akenshi ntibaba bazi uko ibintu bimeze mu bihugu bimwe byo muri Afurika abantu barimo guhunga bavamo."

Hari n’ibyago ku birukanwa.

Mu mwaka wa 2022, umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, Human Rights Watch (HRW), wasohoye raporo ivuga ko abasaba ubuhungiro babarirwa muri za mirongo bakomoka muri Cameroun bafunzwe, bakorerwa iyicarubozo ndetse bafatwa ku ngufu, nyuma yo gusubizwa inyuma ku mupaka w’Amerika.

Lauren Seibert, umushakashatsi muri HRW, yabwiye BBC ati: "Abantu barirukanwe basubizwa, mu buryo butaziguye, aho bagirirwa nabi bakanatotezwa ndetse hakomeje kubera intambara n’ihonyorwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu rikorwa henshi."

Yongeyeho ati: "Biteje ibyago byinshi cyane gusubiza abantu inyuma."

Nils Kinuani, umuyobozi mu muryango African Communities Together, ufasha Abanyafurika basaba ubuhungiro n’impunzi muri Amerika, avuga ko imvugo ikoreshwa ku bimukira mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamaza yateje "ubwoba bwinshi" muri abo bantu yitaho.

Kinuani agira ati: "Abantu bafite ubwoba, hari impungenge ko gahunda zita ku mpunzi zishobora kwibasirwa."

Umuryango we n’indi miryango, irimo gusaba ko habaho ubundi buryo (inzira) bwo mu rwego rw’amategeko bwo gufasha abimukira b’Abanyafurika bafite ubwoba ko bazirukanwa bagasubizwa iwabo.

Bumwe muri ubwo buryo ni uburenganzira bwo mu mategeko buzwi nka ’humanitarian parole’, buhabwa abanyamahanga baturuka mu bihugu biri mu makuba nk’intambara n’ibiza kamere.

Ubwo burenganzira bushobora gutangwa na leta y’Amerika, bugatuma abantu bari mu byago bashobora kuba bakanakora muri Amerika by’igihe gito – gahunda ziriho ubu zireba abava mu bihugu nka Ukraine, Cuba, Nicaragua, Haïti, Venezuela na Afghanistan.

Nta gahunda nk’iyo iriho y’ubutabazi ya leta hagati y’Amerika n’igihugu na kimwe cyo muri Afurika.

Kinuani yongeraho ko hari inzika (ishavu) runaka iterwa n’uburyo impunzi z’Abanya-Ukraine zifatwamo, ugereranyije n’impunzi zituruka mu bindi bihugu.

Avuga ko nyuma y’ibyumweru bicye gusa intambara yadutse muri Ukraine, Abanya-Ukraine bahunga iyo ntamba ra bemerewe gusaba gufashwa muri iyo gahunda y’ubutabazi ibemerera kuba no gukora muri Amerika by’igihe gito.

Agira ati: "Abanya-Ukraine ntibigeze banacyenera gusaba cyangwa kuvuganirwa ngo babone ubwo butabazi. [Ariko] Ku gihugu nka Sudani, tugomba gusunika."

Kuva yakwaduka muri Mata (4) mu mwaka wa 2023, intambara ikomeje kubera muri Sudani imaze gutuma abantu miliyoni icyenda bata ingo zabo.

Ishyaka ry’abademokarate n’ishyaka ry’abarepubulikani, yombi yashyize kugenzura abimukira no gucyemura amakuba yo ku mupaka w’Amerika na Mexique hejuru ku rutonde rw’ibyo yasezeranyije mu kwiyamamaza.

Naramuka atowe, umukandida w’abarepubulikani wahoze ari na Perezida w’Amerika, Donald Trump, yakora "igikorwa [operation] cya mbere kinini cyane mu mateka y’Amerika cyo kwirukana [abimukira]", akanasubizaho ingamba zo ku mupaka nk’izo kuri manda ye ya mbere ku butegetsi, nkuko bikubiye muri gahunda y’uyu mwaka wa 2024 ya komite y’ishyaka ry’abarepubulikani ku rwego rw’igihugu.

Hagati aho, umukandida perezida w’abademokarate akaba na Visi Perezida w’Amerika, Kamala Harris, yasezeranyije kubyutsa umushinga w’itegeko w’amashyaka yombi ujyanye n’umutekano wo ku mupaka, watsinzwe (wananiwe gutambuka) mu nteko ishingamategeko (umutwe w’abadepite n’uw’abasenateri) mu ntangiriro y’uyu mwaka.

Ibiro bya perezida w’Amerika (bizwi nka White House) bivuga ko uwo mushinga w’itegeko "uzongera abakozi bashinzwe abasaba ubuhungiro" ndetse utume habaho uburyo bwo gusaba ubuhungiro "bwihuse kurushaho ndetse buboneye kurushaho".

Ariko wanenzwe n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU).

Ubutegetsi bw’Amerika bucyuye igihe bwa Perezida Joe Biden – Harris aburimo – busanzwe bwarafashe ingamba yo guhashya abimukira ku mupaka.

Bijyanye n’itegeko-teka rya perezida ryasohotse muri Kamena (6) uyu mwaka, abategetsi bashobora gukura muri Amerika byihuse abimukira bahagera mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bidasabye ko babanza gusuzuma ubusabe bwabo bw’ubuhungiro, igihe igipimo (ikigero) cyo ku munsi cyagezweho ndetse umupaka ukaba "warengewe ubushobozi".

Abategetsi bo muri Amerika bavuga ko ibyo byatumye umubare w’abantu bagerageza kwinjira muri Amerika banyuze kuri uwo mupaka ugabanuka cyane.

Ku nshuro ya mbere mu myaka hafi 20 ishize, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’Abanyamerika barashaka ko ikigero cy’abimukira kigabanywa, aho kugumishwa ku kigero bariho ubu cyangwa bakongerwa, nkuko byumvikanishwa n’ikusanyabitekerezo riherutse gukorwa n’ikigo Gallup cyo muri Amerika.

Bush-Joseph agira ati: "Muri Amerika birimo kurushaho kumenyekana ko uburyo bwo gusaba ubuhungiro bwarengewe ubushobozi cyane ndetse abantu barimo kubusaba [ubuhungiro] kuko nta bundi buryo buriho bwo kuza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z’Amerika].

"Kubangamirwa abantu baterwa no kuba uburyo bwo kugenzura abinjira muri Amerika budakora neza, rwose gusobanuye ko hari impungenge zijyanye n’umubare w’abantu basaba ubuhungiro."

Kuri ubu, Dr Kaduli ari mu gihirahiro ndetse bishobora kurangira ategereje imyaka iri hagati y’ine na 10 kugira ngo hafatwe umwanzuro ku busabe bwe bw’ubuhungiro.

Avuga ko mu myaka nk’ibiri ishize se yapfuye, ariko ibyangombwa afite ubu ntibimwemerera kuva muri Amerika ngo ajye kureba umuryango we.

Agira ati: "Numva bimbangamiye kuba dosiye yanjye igitegereje ndetse mbona kuri televiziyo imbwirwaruhame y’abanyapolitike, ariko ndabizi ko niba ndi hano hari impamvu [yabyo]."

Icyizere cye ni uko amaherezo umunsi umwe umuhungu we n’umugore we bazamusanga muri Amerika.

"Nemera ko Amerika izampa indangagaciro zimwe [n’abandi], gukora nkibeshaho, gufasha umuryango wanjye, kugira uruhare mu bukungu bw’iki gihugu, rero ndi hagati yo gushidikanya no kugira icyizere."