Raporo nshya ya Human Development Index (HDI) 2025, yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ikigo cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gishinzwe Iterambere (UNDP), yagaragaje ko bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bikomeje kuza mu myanya y’inyuma ku isi mu bijyanye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Ibi bigaragaza ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukene, imiyoborere idahwitse, intambara z’urudaca, n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

HDI ni igipimo cyerekana imibereho y’umuntu hashingiwe ku nkingi eshatu: ubuzima (icyizere cyo kubaho), uburezi (imyaka umuntu ashobora kwiga), n’ubukungu (umusaruro mbumbe ku muturage). Ibihugu bibona amanota make kuri iki gipimo akenshi biba bihanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima, uburezi budahagije, n’ubukene bukabije bituma abaturage bagira imibereho mibi.

Muri uyu mwaka wa 2025, UNDP yagaragaje ibihugu 10 bya Afurika bigaragaramo imibereho mibi kurusha ibindi: Sudani y’Epfo, Somaliya, Repubulika ya Centrafrique, Cadi, Mali, Nijeri, u Burundi, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone na Madagascar.

Mu myanya ya nyuma ku rwego rw’isi haza: Cadi (0.416), Repubulika ya Centrafrique (0.414), Somaliya (0.404), na Sudani y’Epfo (0.388). Ibi bihugu byose bikomeje kugira amanota make cyane bitewe n’intambara z’urudaca, imiyoborere ijegajega, ubukene bwiganje mu baturage, no kubura ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi. Ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe na byo byiyongera ku ngorane basanzwe bafite, aho nka Cadi na Somaliya bakunze gushegeshwa n’amapfa ahoraho, bigasubiza inyuma ubuhinzi ndetse bikongera inzara mu baturage.

Ibihugu biri mu myanya ya nyuma ku isi bikomeje kugaragaza ihurizo rikomeye ry’ubuzima, uburezi n’ubukungu. Serivisi z’ubuzima ziri ku rwego rwo hasi, kugera ku mashuri biragoye, no kubura uburyo bwo guteza imbere ubumenyi bituma abaturage benshi babaho mu buzima bubi kandi nta cyizere cy’ejo hazaza.

Intambara z’urudaca n’imidugararo y’igihe kirekire, nk’iyo muri Sudani y’Epfo, ubwicanyi buhoraho muri Somaliya na Repubulika ya Centrafrique, byashegeshe inzego za Leta, bisenya ibikorwa remezo, ndetse bibuza abaturage amahirwe yo kubona serivisi z’ibanze. Leta zidafite ubushobozi bukwiye zikomeza kunanirwa kubaka icyizere mu baturage no kubaha ibyo bakeneye bya ngombwa.

Mu bukungu, ibihugu byinshi byo muri iyi myanya bishingira ku buhinzi bwo kwihaza cyangwa ku bucukuzi bw’umutungo kamere. Nyamara ayo mafaranga akenshi aranyerezwa cyangwa agakoreshwa nabi, bikaba intandaro yo kutabasha guteza imbere abaturage. Kugira urwego ruri hasi mu nganda n’amahirwe make yo kubona akazi bituma abaturage bakomeza kuba mu bukene bukabije.

Imihindagurikire y’ibihe na yo yongeye kuba indi mbogamizi ikomeye. Ibihugu nka Cadi na Somaliya bihora bihanganye n’amapfa n’ubutayu bigenda byiyongera, bigatuma ubuhinzi busubira inyuma ndetse n’ibiribwa bikabura. Ibi bituma abaturage benshi baba mu kaga k’inzara kandi bakabaho bategereje inkunga mpuzamahanga kugira ngo babashe kubaho.

Raporo ya UNDP yo mu 2025 yibukije ko ibi bihugu bisabwa impinduka zikomeye mu miyoborere, ishoramari rikomeye, n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu guhashya inzara n’ubukene. Nta gikozwe, bizakomeza kubaho mu mibereho mibi, mu gihe bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika nka Seychelles na Maurice byamaze kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Abaturage bo muri Sudani y’Epfo ni bo babayeho nabi kurusha abandi muri Afurika