Kuva uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda Habyarimana yakwicwa arashwe taliki 6 Mata 1994, Perezida Kagame mu nshuro nyinshi yagiye abazwa n’ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye ku iperereza ryakorwaga kuwahanuye iyo Ndege, yagiye avuga amagambo akomeye atazibagirana arimo ndetse anashimangira abagize uruhare mu ihanurya ry’iyo ndege nkuko imbwirwaruhame ze zabigarukagaho.

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Juvénal Habyarimana, wabaye Perezida wa gatatu w’igihugu cy’u Rwanda, yavutse taliki ya 8 Werurwe wa 1937 mu cyahoze ari Purefegiture (préfecture) ya Gisenyi, ubu akaba ari mu ntara y’Uburengerazuba. uyu mugabo yabaye Umunyapolitiki kuva mu mwaka 1963 kugeza 1994 ubwo yicwaga arasiwe mu indege taliki ya 6 Mata 1994.

Taliki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973, Nibwo inkuru yasakaye mu Gihugu hose ko uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe Gregoire Kayibanda yahiritswe ku butegetsi ibizwi nka ( Coup d’Etat) mu ndimi z’amahanga. Ni Coup d’Etat yakozwe itunguranye mu baturage, gusa hari amakuru agaragaza ko hari hashize igihe itegurwa, ikagenda iburizwamo kugeza mu ijoro ryo kuwa 4 rishyira taliki ya 5 Nyakanga ubwo yashyirwaga mu bikorwa.

Kayibanda na Habyarimana basangira icyo Kunywa

Nubwo Kayibanda yahiritswe ku butegetsi muri Nyakanga 1973, umugambi wo kumuhirika bivugwa ko watangiye gucurwa mu 1972. Igitabo "Quinze ans de tyrannie et de tartuferie au Rwanda" cya Shyirambere J Barahinyura mu mwaka 1988, kivuga ko muri Gashyantare 1972 , Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bubiligi yamenye amakuru y’uko hari agatsiko k’abacanshuro b’abanyamahanga bashakaga guhirika ubutegetsi mu Rwanda.

Nyuma y’inshuro nyinshi uyu mugambi uburizwamo, Ku nshuro ya nyuma ari na bwo umugambi wabahiriye, Hari taliki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973, Uwo munsi byavuzwe ko Habyarimana yari yiriwe i Gisenyi ategura ubukwe bwa murumuna we, ari na byo kugeza n’ubu Umuryango we ushingiraho uvuga ko atari we wateguye Coup d’Etat, nubwo batavuga uburyo ari we wahise ayobora abahiritse ubutegetsi.

Kayibanda yahiritswe ku butegetsi n’abo yitaga abasirikare b’abizerwa bari bayobowe na General Major Habyarimana Juvenal, Iryo joro Kayibanda wari utuye mu mujyi wa Kigali hafi y’ahubatse Marriot Hotel kuri ubu, yarafashwe ajyanwa muri gereza we na benshi mu ba Minisitiri be n’abahoze ari ibyegera bye.

Bamwe mu basirikare bafatanyije na Habyarimana Guhirika Kayibanda mu 1973

Bamwe bahise bajyanwa muri gereza ya Ruhengeri, abandi bafungirwa muri gereza ya Kigali mu gihe Kayibanda yajyanywe gufungirwa ukwe kure y’umurwa mukuru ahitwa Rwerere, ubu ni muri Burera hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda.

Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi, mu mwaka Mu 1975 yashinze ishyaka rya MRND (National Revolutionary Movement for Development), ndetse nk’umuyobozi waryo atangaza ko ariryo shyaka ryemewe n’amategeko mu gihugu.

Nyuma y’imyaka 21 ari K’ubutegetsi, Mu mugoroba w’italiki 6 Mata 1994 ahagana saa mbili n’igice, Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal wari kumwe n’abantu 11 bavanye mu rugendo i Dar es Salaam muri Tanzaniya bahuye n’isanganya ikomeye ubwo indege yari ibatwaye yaraswagaho ibisasu bibiri byo mu bwoko bwa misile, mu guhanuka igwa mu busitani bw’urugo rwe i Kanombe hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege, ntihagira urokoka.

Indege yari itwaye Habyarimana n’abandi 11 bari bavanye i Dar es Salaam mu rugendo

Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’iyi Ndege Raporo zitabarika zarakozwe , amaperereza atandukanye arakorwa kugirango hamenyekane uwaba yarahanuye iyi ndege, ndetse ibintu byaje no Gutuma Umubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa uzamo agatotsi bitewe n’ibirego byashinjwaga bamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye muri FPR-Inkotanyi mu kuba inyuma y’uwo mugambi wihanurwa ry’Indege ya Habyarimana.

Mu Cyumweru Gishize, Taliki ya 15 Gashyantare 2022, nibwo Urukiko Rusesa imanza mu Bufaransa rwafunze burundu dosiye y’iperereza ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana nyuma yo gutesha agaciro ubujurire bw’imiryango y’abayiguyemo.

Umwanzuro w’Urukiko utesha agaciro iperereza ryari ryakozwe n’Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière ryanavuyemo ishyirwaho ry’impapuro zisaba itabwa muri yombi ry’abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda bari muri FPR Inkotanyi yahagaritse Jenoside, bashinjwa ko aribo bahanuye iyo ndege.

Muri Nzeri 2010, abacamanza babiri Nathalie Poux na Marc Trévidic baje mu Rwanda mu iperereza ku ihanurwa ry’iyi ndege, bagira n’umwanya wo kumva ubuhamya bw’abantu batandukanye yaba abari mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, nyuma banzura ko iyi ndege yahanuwe n’agatsiko k’intagondwa z’Abahutu zitakozwaga iby’isaranganya ry’ubutegetsi.

Nyuma yo Gusuzumwa n’urukiko rusesa imanza mu bufaransa, rwavuze ko ibyatangajwe n’umucamanza Marc Trévidic, wagaragaje ko iperereza yakoze ryerekanye ko missile zarashe iyo ndege zari ziturutse muri Camp Kanombe yagenzurwaga n’Intagondwa z’Abahutu zateguye umugambi wa Jenoside zikanawushyira mu bikorwa.

Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege hakozwe amaperereza atandukanye kuwaba yarahanuye iyo ndege

Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, Yolande Makolo, nimwe mu batangaje uyu mwanzuro w’urukiko ukura icyasha ku bayobozi b’u Rwanda, ariko nanone agaragaza ko iyi dosiye itari ikwiriye kujya mu nkiko na mbere hose.

Ati “Ntabwo yari igamije ubutabera, ahubwo yari ishingiye kuri politiki. Wari umugambi wa bamwe mu bahoze ari abanyapolitiki b’u Bufaransa wo gutesha agaciro FPR yahagaritse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no gutambamira Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ya nyuma ya Jenoside.”

Tariki ya 22 Ugushyingo 2006, ni umwe mu minsi yijimye iheruka mu mubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa. Icyo gihe nibwo umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière yari amaze gutanga inyandiko zisaba itabwa muri yombi ry’abari abayobozi icyenda b’u Rwanda, biganjemo abasirikare bagize uruhare mu ihagarikwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Muri iyo minsi, Perezida Kagame yagiranye ikiganiro na Radio France-Culture, maze avuga ko Bruguière atari umucamanza ahubwo abyiyitirira ndetse ko ari “umunyapolitiki”.

Nyuma yaho gato, yaganiriye na BBC avuga ko inyandiko zashyiriweho abayobozi b’u Rwanda zitari mu mujyo “w’amategeko ahubwo ari uwa politiki”.

Taliki 25 Ugushyingo 2006, Perezida Kagame yatangaje ko abahanuye indege ya Habyarimana bazwi n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Icyo gihe rwari rugikora ariko ubu rukaba rwarafunze.

Ati “ Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ICTR, rufite amakuru yerekana abantu bagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana, kandi abo ni intagondwa z’Abahutu zirimo abasirikare bakuru bo muri Guverinoma yafashwaga n’u Bufaransa.”

Perezida Kagame yakunze kugaragaza ko iperereza ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana rishingiye ku mpamvu za politiki aho kuba ubutabera

Yibukije kandi uburyo itangazamakuru mu 1994, ryari ryaravuze k’umugambi wo guhanura indege ya Habyarimana, anagaragaza ko Abasirikare b’u Bufaransa n’abari abarinzi ba Habyarimana bangiye Ingabo za Loni kugera aho indege yaguye ngo bakore iperereza.

Ati “Ibi byose birirengagizwa hanyuma uruhare rukegekwa kuri FPR, U Bufaransa buzi uwahanuye indege. Bugomba kuba bubifitemo n’uruhare.”

Muri uko kwezi, nibwo Dominique Decherf wari Ambasaderi w’u Bufaransa yahise yirukanwa. Icyo gihe Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’u Bubiligi, yemeranyije n’u Rwanda ko izacunga Ambasade y’u Bufaransa ikanareberera inyungu zabwo ziri mu gihugu.

Mu 2014, Perezida Kagame yagiranye ikiganiro na Jeune Afrique maze abazwa kuri iyo dosiye. Icyo gihe inkuru yari ishyushye yari ijyanye na Kayumba Nyamwasa wari uri gusaba umucamanza Marc Trévidic ko yamuha umwanya agatanga ubuhamya kuko afite ibimenyetso by’uwahanuye iyo ndege.

Ubwo Umukuru w’Igihugu yabazwaga icyo abitekerezaho, yagize ati “ Ibihe bimenyetso? By’abagize uruhare mu gitero? Niba ari umwe mu bahanuye indege, nta kibazo. Mumureke atabwe muri yombi hanyuma aburanishwe.”

Mu 2020 ubwo hari hatangiye kuvugwa ko iperereza kuri iyi ndege rigiye kongera kuburwa. Urukiko Rukuru rw’i Paris nirwo rwagombaga gufata umwanzuro rukemeza ko rikomeza cyangwa se rihagarikwa.

Perezida w’u Rwanda yagiye agaragaza ko nta ruhare abayobozi b’u Rwanda bafite muri uwo Mugambi

Ati “Ni iki duteganya kuvumbura kitavuzwe mu myaka ishize? Gushaka kubura dosiye yashyinguwe ni ukurema ibibazo. Hanyuma kuki mu Bufaransa? Bikozwe na nde mu buhe bushobozi? Yego ariko byaterwa. Gusa niba ibi bintu bitavuye mu nzira burundu, umubano wacu ushobora kuhazaharira mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.”

Mu Ukwakira 2016, ubwo Perezida Kagame yagezaga ijambo ku bacamanza mu muhango wo gutangiza ku mugaragaro Umwaka w’Ubucamanza wa 2016/2017, yagarutse nabwo kuri iyi dosiye. Icyo gihe hari hashize iminsi mike abacamanza babiri b’Abafaransa Nathalie Poux na Jean-Marc Herbau bongeye gusubukura iri perereza.

Yagize ati “Twashakaga gukemura iki kibazo, kugira umubano mwiza, Twaritanze ubwacu tuti muze hano mugire amakuru kubyo mushaka. Dutanga uburenganzira kuri buri kimwe cyose aba bantu bashaka.”

“Iperereza ryamaze imyaka igera kuri ibiri, nyuma yo kubona ibyo bashaka bidahari kandi ko nta kintu na kimwe kizabashyigikira, ariko ibyo ndi gusoma mu itangazamakuru ni uko twatangira byose bundi bushya. Muzi ibyo ndi kuvugaho? Tugiye gutangira bundi bushya kandi nta kibazo mbifiteho. Nta kibazo mbifiteho. Ariko gutangira bundi bushya bisobanuye ibintu byinshi.”

Yakomeje agira ati: “Icya mbere gutangira bundi bushya bisobanuye ko nkwiriye kwibutsa abantu bamwe ko ubutabera bw’u Rwanda budashingiye ku nyungu z’u Bufaransa.”

Perezida Kagame yakomeje kwibutsa Ubufaransa ko ubutabera bw’u Rwanda budashinginye ku nyungu z’icyo Gihugu

Guhera mu 2001, abatangabuhamya batandatu bahunze igihugu bamwe bakajya mu mitwe irwanya leta, batanze ubuhamya, ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana rihirikirwa ku ngabo zahagaritse Jenoside.

Bamwe bavuga ko bumvise itegurwa ry’uwo mugambi, abandi ko bagize uruhare mu gutegura intwaro zakoreshejwe cyangwa mu kuzitwara ziva ku Mulindi zizanwa i Kigali.

Gusa bose babusanya imvugo. Urugero ni nka James Munyandinda watorotse igisirikare mu 2008, wiyita Munyeragwe Jackson. Niwe washinze Ihuriro Inyabutatu-RPRK risebya leta y’u Rwanda ryifashishije Radio Inyabutatu.

Mu buhamya yatangiye i Paris muri Werurwe 2017, yavuze ko missiles zarashe iyo ndege zari zashyizwe mu bisanduku bibiri, ko ibyo bisasu byaturutse mu Burusiya (SA-16 IGLA) biriho n’inyandiko nyinshi mu rurimi rw’icyo gihugu.

Abandi babiri bahoze mu ngabo bavuze ko bagize uruhare mu gutwara izo missiles, aribo Aloys Ruyenzi na Emile Gafirita, bafite byinshi bagenda babusanyaho na Munyandinda.

Uwa mbere avuga ko missiles zari zihishe mu gisanduku gikoze mu biti, ziza gutwarwa munsi y’inkwi zari zipakiye mu ikamyo ya Mercedes. Uwa kabiri we yavuze ko bazizingiye mu kintu bazishyira munsi ya matola n’indi myenda, mu ikamyo.

Mu nkuru y’inyamakuru IGIHE yo kuwa 31 Werurwe 2021, ivuga ko kugeza n’ubu bikiri Urujijo ku gasanduku k’umukara (Black box) kari mu indege ya Habyarimana nyuma y’imyaka 28 ishize aho bikigoye kumenya aho kaba gaherereye, dore ko ariko gashobora gutanga umucyo w’ibyabereye muri iyo ndege Mbere yo guhanurwa na Missiles igahitana abari bayirimo bose.

Ibisigazwa by’indege yaritwaye Habyarimana yarashwe taliki ya 6 Mata 1994

Ubusanzwe, aka gasanduku k’umukara gashyirwa mu ndege hagamijwe gufata amakuru yose y’urugendo rwayo, kakorohereza abakora iperereza ku mpanuka cyangwa ikindi kintu cyabaye mu gihe cyose cy’urugendo rwayo.

Aka gasanduku kabasha kubika umuvuduko w’indege, ubutumburuke, umuriro wa moteri, n’amajwi y’ibiganiro by’umupilote, icyavugirwa cyose aho batwarira indege, ibyabaye byose mu kuguruka kw’indege n’ikindi cyose cyakorewemo.

Urujijo rwa mbere ku gasanduku k’umukara mu ndege ya Habyarimana rwatangijwe na Capitaine Paul Barril, Umujandarume w’Umufaransa, wayoboye umutwe wihariye ubarizwa muri Gendarmerie uzwi nka Groupe d’Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN).

agasanduku k’umukara niko kaba kabitse amakuru yose y’urugendo rw’indege

Uyu taliki 28 Kamena 1994, yahamagaje abanyamakuru i Paris mu Bufaransa abereka ibintu yavugaga ko ari agasanduku k’umukara bakuye ahaguye indege ya Habyarimana.

Byari byoroshye kumwizera kuko ari we wari umaze iminsi ahawe ikiraka n’umugore wa Habyarimana, ngo amukorere iperereza ku wahanuye indege yari itwaye Umugabo we.

Nta wamenye irengero ry’agasanduku k’umukara Barril yerekanye, gusa mu gitabo Cover Up, Umwanditsi Damien Comerford, yavuze ko ibyo Barril yeretse abanyamakuru atari agasanduku k’umukara ka Falcon 50. Ngo ibinyamakuru byemeye buhumyi ibyo yababibwiye.

Tariki 10 Werurwe 2004, haje ikindi gihuha cy’uwitwa Roger Lambo ngo wahoze ari umusirikare wa Loni wari ushinzwe iby’ingendo z’indege ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kanombe.

Uyu Lambo yavuze ko agasanduku koherejwe i New York ku cyicaro cya Loni mu 1994 ubwo indege yari imaze guhanurwa.

Iyi nkuru yaciye igikuba muri Loni, Koffi Annan wayiyoboraga icyo gihe avuga ko ari ubwa mbere yumvise ayo makuru kandi ko nta kuri kurimo.

Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, Le Monde yatanze amakuru y’inyongera ku nkuru ya mbere, ivuga ko ako gasanduku kamaze kugaragara, koherejwe i Nairobi, kakahava koherezwa i New York mu ivalisi y’abadipolomate.

Le Monde yavuze ko ako gasanduku koherejwe katarangirika, gafite nimero zikaranga n’ibimenyetso by’uruganda rwagakoze. Ngo koherejwe ku mabwiriza y’uwari ushinzwe iby’ingendo z’indege ku cyicaro gikuru cya Loni.

Loni bidatinze yahise itangira iperereza ryihuse, iza gusanga hari akabati kabitsemo agasanduku k’umukara kanditseho ko ari aka Falcon 50 yari itwaye Habyarimana.

Byasabye imbaraga Loni icyo gihe ngo isobanure uburyo ako gasanduku kageze mu kabati kayo, iza kuvuga ko ubwo koherezwaga i New York, abari babishinzwe banzuye ko atari ak’indege ya Habyarimana kuko kari kakimeze neza bitandukanye n’akarashweho ibisasu.

Ngo niyo mpamvu bagahishe mu kabati bakagafungirana kuko bumvaga nta kamaro kagifite.

Isesengura ryarakomeje, Loni itegeka ko hakorwa iperereza ryimbitse kuri ako gasanduku bakamenya ibirimo imbere.

Igitabo cya Damien Comerford, kivuga ko ikiraka cyo gucukumbura ibirimo imbere cyahawe ikigo cyo muri Amerika cyitwa ‘National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)’.

Iperereza ryatangiye tariki 16 Werurwe 2004 ibyavuyemo bishyirwa ku rubuga rwa Loni tariki 7 Kamena uwo mwaka.

Byagaragaje ko amajwi basanze kuri ako kuma, ari ay’abantu bavugaga Igifaransa ariko ko bavugiraga ku butaka, batari bari mu ndege. Banzuye ko ayo amajwi atafatiwe mu ndege iri mu kirere, bityo ko ako gasanduka atari ako mu ndege ya Habyarimana.

Umunyamakuru akaba n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo, Patrick de Saint-Exupéry muri Mata 2009 mu nyandiko yanyujije muri Le Monde, yavuze ko umwe mu bayobozi ba Air France waganiriye n’umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguière yavuze ko agasanduku k’indege basanze muri Loni katoraguwe i Kigali, ari ak’indege ya Air France Concorde 209 yari ifite ibiyiranga F-BVFC. A. Ntabwo havugwa uwataye ako gasanduku i Kigali.

Muri iryo perereza, sosiyete ikora indege yo mu Bufaransa, Dassault, yemeje ko indege ya Habyarimana yahanutse, agasanduku k’umukara kayo kari gaherereye imbere aho abapilote bicara.

Dassault yatangaje ko indege ya Habyarimana ikorwa bwa mbere mu 1980, yagurishijwe ku Munyamerika ifite agasanduku k’umukara. Iyo ndege yakorewe mu Bufaransa, yuzuye ijyanwa mu kigo cya Dassault giherereye i Arkansas muri Amerika gukorerwa imirimo ya nyuma, ari naho bashyiriyemo agasanduku k’umukara.

Iperereza ryerekanye ko ako gasanduku k’umukara kari mu ndege ya Habyarimana katigeze gahindurwa na rimwe.

Iyo ndege mbere yo kujya mu maboko ya Habyarimana, yanyuze mu maboko y’abandi bantu ariko ngo nta na rimwe agasanduku kayo kigeze gahindurwa.

François Munyarugamba wamaze imyaka 35 ari umutekinisiye mu by’indege ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe na we mu gitabo cya Damien avuga ko bitari gushoboka ko indege yemererwa gutwara Perezida itagira agasanduka k’umukara.

Ati “Icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge ni ikintu cy’ingenzi ku ndege z’abakuru b’ibihugu kandi icyo cyemezo ntiwagihabwa iyo agasanduku k’umukara katarimo. Ikindi, nicyo kintu cya mbere kirebwaho iyo bari gusuzuma iyo ndege. Tubanza kureba neza ibijyanye n’agasanduku k’umukara, tukabona kujya gukora iby’imikorere y’indege.”

Uwari uhagarariye ishami rya Loni rishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda, Degni-Segui ngo yigeze kumenya amakuru y’uko ako gasanduku kaba kararigishijwe n’u Bufaransa, ajya kubibaza ambasaderi wabwo.

Raporo Duclert ivuga ko u Bufaransa bwabwiye ambasaderi wabwo mu Rwanda gushwishuriza Segui.

Buti “Umusobanurire neza rwose unatangare cyane uti, ‘Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa si yo ifite agasanduku k’umukara k’indege ya Perezida yahanuwe’, uti ‘ahubwo mwabaza Guverinoma y’Abatabazi hakiri kare.”

Aho indege yaguye mu rugo kwa Habyarimana, harindwaga n’abasirikare bo mu mutwe urinda umukuru w’igihugu, byumvikana ko ari nabo bahageze indege ikimara kugwa.

Mu bandi bigaragara ko bahageze kare, harimo abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari bamaze guhabwa amabwiriza yo gukora iperereza ku ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege.

kuboneka kw’ako gasanduku kwagombaga kugaragaza aho ibisasu byahanuye Falcon byaturutse, ibyo abapilote bavuganye mbere y’uko indege ihanurwa, urugendo yari imaze gukora n’ibindi.

Habyarimama yishwe Taliki ya 6 Mata, yari amaze imyaka 21 ari Perezida w’u Rwanda