Ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekana ko abana bahabwa telefoni zigezweho (smartphones) batarageza ku myaka 13 bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu buzima bwabo bwose.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku rubyiruko rurenga ibihumbi 100 ku isi hose, bugaragaza ko gutangira gukoresha telefoni hakiri kare bifitanye isano n’ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura, imyitwarire y’urugomo, gucika ku kuri no kubona ibidahari, kumva nta gaciro bafite no kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura amarangamutima.

Bwagaragajwe mu kinyamakuru Journal of Human Development and Capabilities bushingiye ku mushinga wa Global Mind Project wa Sapien Labs, ufitanye isano n’ubumenyi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe. Ibyagaragajwe byerekana ko urubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 18 na 24 rwahawe telefoni rutarageza ku myaka 13 rugaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye byo mu mutwe kurusha abahawe telefoni bakuze.

Abashakashatsi bakoresheje igipimo cya Mind Health Quotient (MHQ) basanze amanota agabanuka cyane bitewe n’imyaka umwana yahereweho telefoni: ku myaka 13 impuzandengo y’amanota ni 30, naho ku bahawe telefoni ku myaka itanu amanota aba 1 gusa.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kugera ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hakiri kare ari byo bitera ingaruka nyinshi (40%), bikurikirwa no gusenyuka kw’imibanire mu miryango (13%), gusinzira nabi (12%) no guhohoterwa kuri murandasi (10%).

Abakobwa bahabwa telefoni bakiri bato bakunze kugira ibibazo byo kwiyumva nabi, kudakunda umubiri wabo no kutagira ituze, mu gihe abahungu bagaragaza kwizera guke, kutagira impuhwe no kwiyumva nk’abafite agaciro gake.

Dr. Tara Thiagarajan, washinze kandi akaba umushakashatsi mukuru muri Sapien Labs, yavuze ko ibimenyetso byagaragajwe bisumba kure agahinda gakabije cyangwa umunaniro, kuko binateza urugomo, ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura no kwanga ukuri bisanzwe bitagaragara mu bipimo bisanzwe byifashishwa n’inzobere. Yongeyeho ko kubera ko abana benshi ku isi bahabwa telefoni mbere y’imyaka 13, hakenewe ingamba zihutirwa za politiki nk’izigenzura ikoreshwa ry’inzoga n’itabi.

Abashakashatsi basabye ingamba enye: gushyiraho amasomo y’ubumenyi ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, kubahiriza amategeko agena imyaka yo gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga no kubazwa inshingano ku bigo by’ikoranabuhanga, kugabanya uburyo abana bashobora kugera kuri izo mbuga no gushyiraho imipaka ku ikoreshwa rya telefoni.

Ibihugu nk’Ubufaransa, Ubuholandi, Ubutaliyani na Nouvelle-Zélande byamaze kugabanya ikoreshwa rya telefoni mu mashuri. No muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Leta ya New York iherutse kwiyunga ku zindi leta zashyizeho amabwiriza agamije kugabanya telefoni mu mashuri kugira ngo abanyeshuri bibande ku masomo yabo.

Mu Rwanda, Dr. Darius Gishoma, uyobora Ishami ryita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe muri RBC, yabwiye The New Times ko nubwo igihugu kitaragira ubushakashatsi bwihariye bwerekana isano iri hagati y’ikoreshwa rya telefoni n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu bana n’ingimbi, ibimenyetso byavuye mu bindi bihugu bigaragaza ibyago bikomeye. Yavuze ko mu buvuzi busanzwe, ikoreshwa ry’umurengera ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga kenshi riboneka mu bana baza bafite ibibazo by’ubusinzi, agahinda gakabije cyangwa imikino y’amahirwe.

Yakomeje avuga ko ubushakashatsi bwinshi bugabanya abana mu byiciro bitandukanye: abari munsi y’imyaka itanu, abari hagati ya 5 na 12 ndetse n’ingimbi, bose bafite ibyago bikomeye byo kugira ibibazo by’imikorere y’ubwonko. Ingaruka ikunze kugaragara cyane ni ugusinzira nabi, kuko abana bamara igihe kinini kuri ’ecran’ baryama gake, bikangiza imikorere y’ubwonko.

Dr. Gishoma yavuze ko ikoreshwa ry’umurengera rya ’ecran’ rishobora gutera abana kugirana imibanire mibi n’ababyeyi cyangwa bagenzi babo, kubura ibitotsi, kugira amarangamutima mabi, kutibanda ku kintu kimwe no kwitwara nabi. Yongeyeho ko ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ingaruka mbi ku mibanire, ku mikorere y’ubwonko, ku mutuzo n’imyitwarire.

Yasobanuye ko nubwo akenshi ibibazo by’abagana abaganga bitagaragaza ’ecran’ nk’ikibazo nyamukuru, iyo hasuzumwe neza usanga bifitanye isano n’ibindi bibazo. Yongeyeho ko ikoreshwa ry’umurengera ry’ibi bikoresho rishobora gutuma abantu babaho mu buzima bwo kwicara cyane, bareba amashusho mu gihe kirekire cyangwa bakoresha amasaha menshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bikaba byongera ibyago byo kugira ibiro byinshi n’izindi ndwara z’umubiri.

Ku byerekeye ingamba u Rwanda rufite, Dr. Gishoma yavuze ko igihugu cyashyize imbere uburyo butatu: ubukangurambaga mu baturage, gahunda zo mu mashuri n’ubuvuzi ku bana bafite ibibazo bikomeye. Yavuze ko hari gahunda yo kwita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe mu mashuri yatangiye mu 2020, ikaba ikorera mu turere 17 muri 30 tugize igihugu, harimo Karongi, Bugesera na Gicumbi, aho hashyirwa abajyanama b’abagabo n’abagore bafasha mu bukangurambaga, gusuzuma no gufasha abana bafite ibibazo. Iyo gahunda izakomeza kwagurwa mu gihugu hose.

Ku bijyanye n’imyaka ikwiriye abana gutangira gukoresha telefoni, Dr. Gishoma yavuze ko ababyeyi bafite inshingano nyamukuru zo kugenzura. Yibukije ko inzobere zigaragaza ko abana bari munsi y’imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu batagomba gukoresha ’ecran’, naho abakuze batagomba kurenza isaha imwe ku munsi. Yongeyeho ko urubyiruko rugaragaza ibyago byinshi byo guhura n’ihohoterwa no kugereranya ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’abandi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bigatuma bagira ibibazo by’amarangamutima.