Mu myaka 23 ishize, Paul Kagame na Joseph Kabila Kabange bashyize umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro y’u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yashoboraga kuba yarafashije akarere kugira amahoro arambye.

Aya masezerano yasinyiwe i Pretoria muri Afurika y’Epfo tariki ya 30 Nyakanga 2002, bigizwemo uruhare na Thabo Mbeki na Kofi Annan wari Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.

Mu 1994, ubwo Ingabo za RPA Inkotanyi zabohoraga u Rwanda, abahoze mu ngabo za Leta (Ex-FAR) n’Interahamwe zagize uruhare rukomeye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bahungiye mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.

Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe byivanze n’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zari mu nkambi zitandukanye zo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC zirimo iya Mugunga, hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda, zirundamo intwaro, zifite umugambi wo kugaruka kuruhungabanyiriza umutekano.

RPA Inkotanyi yohereje ingabo zayo mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo. Zari zifite intego yo gucyura impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zabarirwaga mu mamiliyoni no gukumira ibitero bya Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe byari bishyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko.

Mobutu yakomeje gushyigikira Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe byari byararemye umutwe wa RDR (Rassemblement Républicain pour la Démocratie au Rwanda), Inkotanyi zifatanyije n’umutwe wa AFDL wa Laurent-Désiré Kabila n’indi mitwe y’ingabo, zikuraho Mobutu muri Gicurasi 1997, Laurent Kabila ajya ku butegetsi.

Icyatunguye RPA Inkotanyi ni uko Laurent Kabila yahindutse, yiyemeza kugera ikirenge mu cya Mobutu, agashyigikira Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe ahereye ku kubacumbikira, abizi neza ko bagifite umugambi wo gutera u Rwanda, bagasubiramo jenoside.

Leta y’u Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo kugumisha ingabo muri Congo kugira ngo zihangane na Leta ya Laurent Kabila, Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe byakoranaga, zikumira umugambi wo guhungabanya umutekano w’Abanyarwanda bari bamaze igihe gito batangiye urugendo rwo kongera kwiyubaka.

Laurent Kabila yishwe n’umurinzi we tariki ya 16 Mutarama 2001, asimburwa n’umuhungu we wari umusirikare, Joseph Kabila Kabange. Icyo gihe ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zikiri muri Congo, zigihanganye na Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe.

Ubutegetsi bwa Kabila bwasabye Leta y’u Rwanda gukura ingabo zayo muri RDC bidatinze, isubiza ko idashobora kwemera ko Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bikomeza kwifashisha ubutaka bw’Abanye-Congo nk’ikigo bateguriraho ibitero byo guhungabanya u Rwanda.

Leta y’u Rwanda yasabye ubutegetsi bwa Kabila kwemera ko Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bari baramaze kurema umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR bamburwa intwaro, ingabo za Loni zigatanga ubufasha mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mwanzuro.

Ni uko Leta ya Congo n’iy’u Rwanda byumvikanye ko Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bagomba kwamburwa intwaro, nyuma y’ibiganiro byamaze iminsi bibera mu Mujyi wa Pretoria muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Impande zombi zumvikanye ko hazashyirwaho ahantu Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bazajya bajyana intwaro, kandi ko ku munsi wa 10 uhereye igihe amasezerano yasinyiwe hagomba gutangira ibikorwa byo gushakisha abanze kuzirambika.

Byateganyijwe ko ibikorwa byo kurambika intwaro no kuzambura ababyanze bizajya bigenzurwa n’urwego ruhuriweho rwarimo abahuza nka Afurika y’Epfo (JMC) n’ingabo za Loni (MONUC).

Kwakira abarambitse intwaro no gufata abanze kuzirambika byari kuzakurikirwa no kubacyura mu Rwanda, nyuma ingabo z’u Rwanda zigatangira kuva muri RDC mu byiciro ku munsi wa 45 uhereye igihe amasezerano yasinyiwe, na bwo bikagenzurwa n’inzego zirimo JMC.

Ibi bikorwa byose byagombaga kumara iminsi 90 uhereye ku munsi amasezerano ya Pretoria yashyiriweho umukono, hagakurikiraho indi minsi 30 yo kugenzura uko byose byubahirijwe no kuzahura umubano w’u Rwanda na RDC.

Leta ya RDC ntiyigeze yambura intwaro Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe kuko bakomeje kwidegembya mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Impuguke za Loni zasohoye raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko hari abasirikare b’Abanye-Congo bakomeje gukorana na bo, ntibabiryozwe.

Ntibyari gushoboka ko u Rwanda rwari gukura ingabo muri RDC icyo gihe, mu gihe Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bari bakomeje gukorera muri iki gihugu cy’abaturanyi mu bwisanzure, kuko rwari rufite impungenge ko rubaye rubikoze, bazarutera nk’uko babirahiriye.

Amasezerano ya Pretoria yateganyaga ko Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bagomba kubanza kwamburwa intwaro, ingabo z’u Rwanda zikabona kuva ku butaka bwa RDC nk’uko ubutegetsi bwa Kabila bwabisabaga.

Ingabo z’u Rwanda zatangaje ko Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe byakomeje gutera u Rwanda. Hari ibitero bagabye mu bice byegereye RDC n’u Burundi kuva tariki ya 7 kugeza ku ya 9 Mata 2004. Icyo gihe inyeshyamba 16 zarishwe, izindi zisubira mu mashyamba.

Nyuma y’imyaka 23 hasinywe aya masezerano, FDLR iracyari mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, igira uruhare rutaziguye mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ihuriro AFC/M23. Muri Kamena 2025, FDLR yari ifite abarwanyi bari hagati ya 7000 na 12.000.

Nyuma y’ibisasu FDLR yarashe mu Karere ka Musanze muri Werurwe, Gicurasi na Kamena 2022, ifatanyije n’ingabo za RDC, u Rwanda rwakajije ingamba z’ubwirinzi ku mupaka warwo mu rwego rwo gukumira ibindi bitero byakurikiraho.

Leta ya RDC iyobowe na Félix Tshisekedi isaba ko u Rwanda rwakuraho izi ngamba. Leta y’u Rwanda yarabyemeye, isaba ko umutwe wa FDLR ubanza gusenywa kuko ari bwo izizera ko umutekano w’Abanyarwanda utazahungabana.

Joseph Kabila yasinye ko Ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bamburwa intwaro ariko ntiyabyubahirije

Perezida Paul Kagame na Joseph Kabila bashyira umukono kuri aya masezerano