Dr. Alex Mvuka, umuhanga w’umushakashatsi, umwanditsi n’umusesenguzi mu bibera muri aka karere, yavuze ko ikibazo cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kimaze igihe kinini kandi akaba ari ikibazo ku bihugu birenze kimwe.

Ubwo yaganiraga n’ikinyamakuru The New Times mu kiganiro cyitwa "the Context” Dr. Alex Mvuka, umuhanga w’umushakashatsi, umwanditsi n’umusesenguzi mu bibera muri aka karere, yavuze uko ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside yatangiye, uko yakuze ndetse ikanakwirakwizwa, kuko ari ikibazo ku bihugu birenga kimwe, akanavuga ko ari ikibazo kimaze igihe, mbese ari nk’igisasu gitegereje guturika.

Ibiri kubera muri aka karere cyane mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, bifitanye isano na jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu mwaka w’1994.

Abenshi mu bakoze jenocide mu Rwanda bamaze gutsindwa muri 1994, bahungiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo icyo gihe yitwaga Zayire. Barisuganyije batangira kugaba ibitero shuma bitari bike byo guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda mu myaka iri hagati ya za 90 kugeza muri 2000.

Bikaba aribyo byaje gutuma u Rwanda rwinjira muri Kongo, mu kizwi uyu munsi nk’intambara ya mbere ya Kongo, yasize ikuyeho ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko, bituma Abanyarwanda babarirwa muri za miliyoni bari baragizwe ingwate n’abo bicanyi batahuka mu rwa babyaye.

Ariko ibindi bihumbi n’ibihumbi by’Abanyarwanda bokamwe n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenocide bo banga gutaha, bakwirakwira mu duce dutandukunye twa Kongo maze bivanga n’abandi baturage b’Abakongomani.

Abandi muri bo baje kwambuka imipaka bajya mu bihugu nka Kongo Brazzaville n’ibindi bihugu mbese bakwirakwira akarere kose.

Bidaciye Kabili, abo basize bakoze Jenoside mu Rwanda babonye inkunga iturutse ku wahoze ari Perezida wa Kongo Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Barongeye barisuganya, abaha intwaro, nibwo havutse umutwe tuzi uyu munsi nka FDLR, wagiye uhinduranya amazina ariko umugambi bafite ari umwe.

Uyu mutwe wa FDLR ukaba warashyizwe ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba na LONU, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ndetse n’Ibihugu byo muri aka karere.

Umunyamakuru Munyaneza James wa The new Times yabajije Dr. Alex Mvuka, uko ikibazo cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside cyifashe muri aka karere, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo muri iki gihe ndetse n’ingaruka abona byagize k’umutekano wo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo

Dr. Mvuka ati: "Amakimbirane muri Kongo amaze igihe kirekire byose bigaterwa n’imiterere y’ibibazo byinshi n’ingaruka zitari nkeya kandi byose bishamikiye ku kibazo kimwe nyamukuru aricyo “ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside”, n’ubwo bitoroshye kumvikanisha ukuntu ikibazo mu by’ukuri ari ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside muri aka karere. Umuntu akaba yavuga ko ari nka virusi ikomeye ikeneye muganga ariko itavurwa."

Aho kuvurwa, iyi vurusi mu by’ukuri yaratoneshejwe ihabwa uburyo bwo gukura. Ntabwo uyu munsi wavuga ko ikiri ku rwego rwo gufumbirwa nka za mbuto ziba ziri muri pepiniyeri. Ubu virusi yarakuze.

Ati: "Reka tugerageze kubigereranya na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda.
Mwibuke ibihe mu Rwanda bise ibihe byo gushaka no gufunga ibyitso, icyo gihe umuntu yafungwaga nta cyaha yakoze, wabaga umunyacyaha ugafungwa uzira uko usa n’uko wavutse. Umuntu yitwaga umunyacyaha bitewe n’ubwoko bwe. Ibyo nibyo turi kubona muri Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo mu myaka 7 ishize."

"Icya kabiri, mu mezi yabanjirije jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, twabonye abayobozi bagize uruhare muri jenoside basaga nk’intakoreka, mbese ari abere.
Ibyabaye icyo gihe nibyo bimenyetso turi kubona muri Kongo ariko muri Kongo ho biragenda bigira intera ikabije."

Akomeza agira ati: "Mu Rwanda hari Impuzamugambi, Interahamwe n’abandi bafashaga Leta gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wayo, bakagaragara nkaho ari abere badafite icyaha ahubwo bakagororerwa gushyirwa mu ngabo z’igihugu. Urebye neza bari bakubye gatatu ingabo z’igihugu mu mibare."

Dr. Alex Mvuka yongeraho ko muri Kongo hari imitwe myinshi yitwara nk’uko Interahamwe zitwaraga mbere ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda.

Ati: "FDLR ntabwo yapfuye gushibuka muri Kongo idafite abo bahuje ibitekerezo. Akaba ariyo mpamvu mvuga ko FDLR ikwiriye kurebwa mu buryo bwagutse."

Mu buryo bwagutse, FDLR ni ingengabitekerezo kandi basangiye ari benshi. Iyo ngengabitekerezo nta kindi igamije uretse gushyiraho ubuyobozi bw’Abahutu mu karere no gutsemba Abatutsi.

Ubu muri Kongo hari imitwe irenga 200 ifatanya na FDLR muri uwo mugambi. Kandi yose ikaba ishyigikiwe na Leta ya Kongo. N’ikimenyimenyi hari icyegeranyo cya LONI cyagaragaje ko 80% by’intwaro iyo mitwe ikoresha bazihabwa na Leta ya Kongo. Ugasanga mu by’ukuri ibyo byose bidatandukanye nk’uko byari byifashe mu Rwanda mbere ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Haba hari imubare y’abagize iyo mitwe?

Dr. Alex: Kumenya umubare biragoye kuko bihinduka buri munsi. Ibyo aribyo byose usanga baruta ubwinshi ingabo za Leta. Ugereranyije bashobora kuba barenze igice cya miliyoni cy’abarwanyi.
Ikintu gikomeye cyane ku mutekano twakwita igisasu gishobora guturika mu minsi iri imbere ni uguha intwaro imitwe y’iterabwoba.

Ati: "Iyo uhaye intwaro imitwe y’iterabwoba yitwara gisirikare udashobora gutegeka cyangwa kuyobora ni ikibazo gikomeye. Ni nk’umusemburo wa cya gisasu gishobora guturika. Ikindi cy’akarusho baba bafite aba ari abantu batagira icyo bikanga na gito cyangwa birega. Icyo bahuje niya ngengabitekerezo ya jenoside twakagombye kuba turwanya twese. Ngicyo icyo bahuriyeho bose ni ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, aho umwanzi aba umwanzi bitewe n’aho avuka, n’uko asa ndetse n’ururimi avuga."

Reka turebere hamwe kuri jenoside yabereye mu Rwanda. Igihe twavuga ko cyari igihe gikomeye mu bihe bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni taliki ya 7 Mata 1994.
Mu Rwanda jenoside yateguwe igihe kirekire ariko taliki ya 7 Mata yabaye nk’imbarutso ituritsa cya gisasu.

Urebye ibibera muri Kongo nta tandukaniro, nyuma y’imyaka 23 ya mitwe y’iterabwoba yamaze kwemerwa ubu ifatwa nk’aho ari ingabo zirwanira Leta nk’uko Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi bafatwaga mu Rwanda. Ibi ni ibintu byari bikwiriye gutera ubwoba umuntu uwo ariwe wese.

Jenoside kugirango ishoboke igomba kuba ifite impamvu, ifite ubusobanuro, ifite ingengabitekerezo cyangwa filozofi, ifite umugambi, ifite uburyo yubutse n’abayishyigikiye mu gihugu. Niyo mpamvu bavuga ko jenoside ari “ un crime de l’etat.” Icyaha gikorwa na Leta. Ntiwavuga jenoside utavuze uruhare rwa Leta.

Ni ryari iyi ngengabitekerezo ya jenoside yatangiye muri Kongo? yaba yarahageze nyuma ya
jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda? Cyangwa na mbere yaho yari ihari?

Dr. Alex ati: "Iki kibazo kiragoye kugisubiza. Ni nko kuvuga ngo ese FDLR yageze Kongo mbere y’uko FDLR igera muri Kongo. FDLR njye nyifata nk’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Ingengabitekerezo ntigira imipaka, ntizi iby’ubusugire bw’igihugu, ntabwo isaba viza ngo yinjire mu kindi gihugu. Muri Afurika imipaka ni ikintu gishya, nta n’ubwo ari iyi mipaka tubona."

Tugiye aho byahereye rero, iki kibazo usanga gifite imizi mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi. Twavuga ko ibihugu byacu uko ari bitatu, Kongo, u Rwanda n’u Burundi byakolonijwe nk’igihugu kimwe. Ibibazo byinshi byo muri aka karere byabonerwa igisubizo hagiye hibukwa ko ibi bihugu bitatu byigeze gufatwa nk’igihugu kimwe.

Nta n’ubwo ari na kera rwose kuko mu mwaka wa 1959, ibyo bihugu bitatu byafatwaga nk’igihugu kimwe. Abapolisi b’Abakongomani nibo babaga I Kigali, bashinzwe kureba ko amabwiriza y’umukoloni w’Umubirigi yubahirizwa mu Rwanda.

Hari imvugo zikunzwe kuvugwa iyo abantu baganira ku kibazo cy’Uburasirazuba bwa Kongo, aho bibaza ngo ese kuki ari u Rwanda rwonyine rwibasirwa? kuki hibasirwa abavuga Ikinyarwanda bonyine? Kandi tuzi neza ko Kongo ihana imbibi n’ibihugu icyenda?.

Nagirango mvuge hano ko nta bindi bihugu bitatu byigeze bigirwa igihugu kimwe. Nta gihugu kimwe cyabayeho kigizwe na Kongo Brazzaville na Angola. Cyangwa se ngo Uburundi, Repubulika ya Santarafurika, n’Ubugande. Ntaho byigeze biba.

Kongo, u Rwanda n’Uburundi nibyo bihugu byonyine byayobowe nk’igihugu kimwe mu gihe cy’abakoloni. Iki kikaba ikintu gikomeye abashakashatsi benshi batitaho cyane. Ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi ni aho bwatangiriye gukwirakwiza ikibazo cy’amoko muri ibi bihugu bitatu bitaga kimwe. Ati "Muribuka ikibazo cy’indangamuntu mu Rwanda ku gihe cy’Ababiligi byanakomeje ku ngoma ya Kayibanda. Ibi byo gupima amazuru"

Dr. Alex Mvuka ati: "Mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo byakozwe mu bundi buryo, ho bakoresheje icyo bise uburenganzira kuri gakondo. Bafashe abami b’abatutsi babakura mu bwami bwamo nk’uko babikoreye Umwami w’u Rwanda Yuhi Musinga. Babanje kumujyana I Rusizi aho yamaze imyaka irindwi, nyuma bamwohereza I Moba muri Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo."

Mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo, Ababiligi baravuze bati aba nibo twasanze mu Rwanda, tugomba gukuraho abami babo ariko bigakorwa buhoro buhoro. Aha twavuga nk’abami b’Abanyamulenge ndetse no muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Bafataga abami b’Abatutsi bakabavanaho, babameneshereje iyo ntazi. Ikinatangaje bahitaga bazana abantu babasimbuza. Ufashe nk’Abakumu bafite ubwami hariya I Goma muri Nyiragongo, babakuye Lubutu mu gace ka Kindu.

Gahunda y’Ababiligi yari uguhindura amateka y’uburyo abaturage batuye ako karere. Iki kikaba ari kimwe mu byatangije ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo.

Icya Kabili, kikaba inyandiko zanditswe n’abakoloni aho bavuga iby’abo bise abahamite, ngo bakaba abatutsi baturutse Abisiniya. Abandi bakabita abanilotike.

Aya mazina yose akura inkomoko mu bakoloni yarakoreshejwe mu gihe cya jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi mu Rwanda, aho RTLM yagize uruhare mu kwamamaza izi mvugo mu Rwanda.

Dr. Alex akomeza avuga ko iki kibazo cy’ingengabitekerezo atari gishya muri Kongo, anahera ku mibare mwinshi w’impunzi z’Aabanyarwanda zahungiye Kongo iugereranyije no mu bindi bihugu bituranyi.

Ati: "unarebye umubare w’impunzi za nyuma ya 1994, byagira icyo bikubwira. Nko muri Tanzaniya hahungiyeyo impunzi hagati y’ibihumbi 400 na 500. I Bugande hahungiye abagera ku bihumbi 25. I Burundi hahungira abagera ku bihumbi 10. Ariko muri Kongo hahungiye impunzi zirenga 1,500,000."

Kuba muri Kongo harahungiyeyo impunzi nyinshi byari bifite impamvu. Cyane kuba ingabo z’Abafaransa zari zarakoze mu Rwanda icyo bise ‘zone turquoise’, abahahungiye bakabona inzira yoroshye ibageza muri Kongo ndetse bari banahawe n’ikaze n’uwari Parezida wa Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko.

Kuba izi miliyoni z’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda barakiriwe neza muri Kongo, ndetse n’abateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa jenoside barafashwe neza, byatumye byorohera impunzi z’Abanyarwanda kwivanga mu baturage ba Kongo bitabagoye.

Kwambura intwaro FDLR birashoboka?

Dr. Alex kwambura FDLR intwaro ni ikintu kidashoboka utabanje kwambura intwaro abawazalendo, kuko ari bamwe.

Mu gihe ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. irangajwe imbere na Leta kandi Leta ivuga ko igamije kuvanaho ubutegetsi buriho I Kigali kuko ngo ari ubutegetsi bw’Abatutsi, ntiwabona uko usobanura uburyo wagarura amahoro mu karere utabanje gukuraho izo mbogamizi zikomeye

Ikibazo gikomeye ni icya virusi ya jenoside. Twibuke ko 80% by’abarwanyi bahoze ari abasirikare b’ingoma yatsinzwe EX FAR n’interahamwe, ubu Akarere ka Kongo y’uburasirazuba bakazi m’ubusa.

Umunyamakuru James abaza Dr. Alex: "Waba se uri kuvuga ko abavuga ngo FDLR nta mbaraga bafite, ngo barashaje nta shingiro bifite? Twari tuzi ko bashyigikiwe na Leta, ndetse inabaha n’intwaro. None uravuga ko inafite abaturage basaga ibihumbi 500 bibaha abarwanyi bashya"?

Dr. Alex ati: "Ahubwo ibihumbi 500 byaba ari bikeya ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe ubu. Ufashe FDLR nk’abantu bakorana n’abasirikare ba Leta. Bagakora n’imitwe yitwara gisirikare. Iyo mitwe ikaba iva muri abo baturage ba kavukire kandi nabo bashyigikiye iriya ngengabitekerezo, numva uyu mubare wakwikuba gatatu cyangwa kane."

Reka tugaruke ku bapfobya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Wari uzi ko mu murwa mukuru wa Kivu y’Amajyepfo, I Bukavu batigeze bemera ko habayeho jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda? Yewe na bamwe mu bayobozi bo mu duce tumwe twa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Ikindi ntabwo abahakana n’abapfobya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi benshi bari I Burayi, aha ndavuga abanditsi b’abanyaburayi.

Abahakana n’abapfobya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ba mbere ni abaturage bo mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Ngirango no muri iki gihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 32 abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, hagaragaye ibikorwa byakozwe ku mugaragaro bipfobya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Dr. Alex ati: "Hari ibintu bibiri bifitanye isano n’ingangabiterezo ya jenoside umuntu yavuga ko byabaye imbarutso y’ibiri kuba uyu munsi. Icya mbere cyabereye I Kinshasa, Icya kabiri Kibera I Kigali, Ubu bikaba byombi byarahuriye mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo.

Imbarutso ya Kinshasa, yabaye ikibazo cy’ubwenegihugu cyagiriwe impaka mu Nteko Ishingamategeko. Icyo gihe basohoye inyandiko zivuga ko umututsi ari udashakwa mu gihugu, ubwo hari muri za 90.

Ni ukuvuga ko mu gihe hano mu Rwanda bakoraga jenoside, Imyaka ine yari ishize muri Kongo bategura nabo iyicwa ry’Abatutsi. Ntabwo iyo jenoside yategurwaga n’ubonetse wese, yateguwe n’Inteko Ishingamategeko na Leta. Abagize Inteko Ishingamategeko bamaze amasaha, amezi bajya impaka z’uburyo bakwikiza umututsi.

Tubihuje rero n’ibiri kuba uyu munsi, usanga guhera mu mwaka 2020 Tshisekedi yaratangiye ubukanguramburaga. Tshisekedi ari gukora ibikorwa nk’ibyabaye mu Rwanda muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994.

Yafashe ibikorwa byose byateguraga jenoside abishyira hamwe. Ubu akaba ari kubishyira mu bikorwa. Mbese umuntu yavuga ko ari ku cyiciro cyo gukora jenoside. Intwaro yarazitanze, harimo na za drone.

Yateguye imitwe yo gukora ubwicanyi akaba anafite n’abamushyigikiye. Imvugo zihamagarira abaturage kwanga umututsi zirahari, yashoye amafaranga ahagije muri iyi gahunda ndetse n’abagomba gukora ako kazi bamaze kugirwa nk’intwari ziharanira ubusugire bw’igihugu. Ngibyo ibiri kuba uyu munsi muri Kongo.

Igikomeye cyane kinateye ubwoba ni uburyo yamaze kubicengeza mu bagize Leta ye bose ndetse na Minisiteri zose uyu munsi zigira amafaranga agamije gushyigikira uyu mushinga wo kwica abaturage.

U Rwanda ni icyifashisho Tshisekedi akoresha kugirango abone imbaraga zo mu banyapolitiki, mu baturage no mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare. Ibi bikamufasha kuguma ku butegetsi kuko nta wundi mushinga afite yereka abaturage.

Umushinga Tshisekedi afite ni uwo gukiza Kongo Abatutsi, n’uwo gutera u Rwanda.

Mvuka yavuze ko ibiganiro by’amahoro bikwiye kwibanda ku gukemura imizi nyakuri y’iki kibazo, harimo ubukana bushingiye ku moko, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, politiki y’ivangura, ndetse n’ibibazo by’umutekano byo mu karere.

Yagize ati: “Ibiganiro ntibikwiye kuba ibisubizo by’ako kanya kandi bidafite umuzi.” Akomeza agira ati: “Ibibazo bya Kongo ni ikibazo cy’akarere kigira ingaruka ku bihugu byose byo muri aka karere.”
Mvuka yagereranyije ibiri kuba ubu mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo n’ibyabaye mbere y’ihohoterwa rikomeye ryabaye mu karere, avuga ko guceceka no kutagira icyo bikorwa bishobora gutuma ikibazo kirushaho gukomera.