Intambara ya Amerika na Israel kuri Iran yongeye kugarukwaho kubera ingingo y’intwaro kirimbuzi n’akaga ko kuzigwizaho.

wakwibaza uti ese Uranium ni iki? Ni ikinyabutabire kiremereye gifite ibara ryera rijya gusa na ’silver’. Ikirango cyayo ku rutonde rw’ibinyabutabire ni "U" kandi umubare ’atomic’ wayo ni 92.
Uranium ubusanzwe iboneka mu butaka ahantu hari uruhurirane rw’itaka, ibibuye n’amazi igacukurwa ikagurishwa ari amabuye bikekwa ko arimo uranium azwi nka Uraninite.

Uranium nyayo iba isa n’umweru ushashagirana cyangwa nk’icyuma cya ’silver’, ariko amabuye arimo uranium iyo agicukurwa aba ajya gusa n’umuhondo, umukara, icyatsi, ikigina…bitewe n’imiterere y’aho yacukuwe.

Amabuye abonekamo Uranium ashobora gucukurwa hasi cyane mu birombe, iyo amaze kuboneka barayashwanyaguza kugira ngo batandukanye uranium n’ibindi binyabutabire biba biyikikije.

Minisiteri y’ingufu ya Amerika ivuga ko Uranium yacukuwe ibikwa ikagurishwa mu buryo buzwi nka ’uranium oxide’ izwi kandi nka "yellowcake".

Uranium igira ireme rikomeye cyane, hafi garama 19 kuri santimetero cube imwe.

Urubuga rwa World Nuclear Association ruvuga ko nubwo uranium ari nkeya mu mibumbe igaragiye izuba ariko nko mu mubumbe w’isi iki kinyabutabire kigira uruhare runini mu bushyuhe bwawo, ubushyuhe bugira uruhare mu kunyeganyega kw’ibice bigize uyu mubumbe kuzwi nka ’movement of tectonic plates’.

Iyo soko y’amakuru ivuga kandi ko Uranium ishobora kuba yarabayeho mbere y’uko isi ubwayo ibaho, mu gihe cyo guturika guhambaye kwitwa supernovae maze nyuma igahinduka ikinyabutabire.

Mu gihe cyahise, uranium yabonekaga cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bwa gakondo aho yakurwaga mu mabuye yacukuwe. Ariko uyu munsi igice kinini cya Uranium icukurwa ku isi kiboneka mu bucukuzi bwifashishije ikorenabuhanga ryo kuyitandukanya n’ibindi binyabutabire ikiri mu birombe, ubuhanga buzwi nka ’situ extraction’.

Reka tuganire kuwavumbuye Uranium

Umudage w’umuhanga mu butabire Martin Heinrich Klaproth niwe muntu wa mbere watangaje uranium, hari mu 1789.
Martin yavumbuye iki kinyabutabire ubwo yarimo asesengura ibipimo by’amabuye ya "spiralite" byari bivuye mu birombe bicukurwamo icyuma cya ’silver’ mu karere ko mu bwamo bwa Bohemia, ubu ni mu gihugu cya Czech Republic.

Uwo muhanga ntabwo yabashije gutandukanya Uranium ngo ize nk’icyuma ukwacyo, ahubwo yabashije gutandukanya kimwe mu biyigize acyita "Uran" izina riva ku mubumbe wa Uranus, wari umaze imyaka micyeya uvumbuwe.

Uranium icyo gihe yakoreshwaga mu gushyira amabara ku birahure, gukora amafoto no gucyesha ibikoresho by’ibumba (ceramics) imyaka myinshi mbere y’uko bavumbura ubushobozi bw’iki kinyabutabire bwa ’radio-activity’ cyangwa se ingufu z’imirasire.

Ubushobozi bw’izo mbaraga za Uranium bwagiye kuboneka mu 1885 ubwo Wilhelm Roentgen umudage w’umuhanga mu bugenge (phyisique) yavumburaga imirasire ya X-rays arimo kwiga ku kunyura kw’amashanyarazi mu kirahure kirimo ubusa.

Umwaka umwe nyuma yaho, umufaransa w’umuhanga mu bugenge Henri Becquerel yavumbuye ko uduce tumwe twa Uranium turekura imirasire itaboneka ishobora ifite imbaraga zikomeye kandi inaboneka hadakenewe urumuri. Byabaye itangiriro ryo kumva ubushobozi bwa ’radioactivity’ bwa Uranium.

Mu 1898, Pierre na Marie Curie bakoresheje bwa mbere ijambo "radiogenesis" ku bw’icyo kintu (phenomenon), muri uwo mwaka kandi babashije gutandukanya ibinyabutabire bya polonium na radium bivuye muri "Spiralite". Radium ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, by’umwihariko mu kuvura cancers zimwe na zimwe.

Mu 1900, umuhanga mu bugenge w’umufaransa, Paul Villard, yavumbuye ubwoko bwa gatatu bwa ’radiation’ bise gamma rays, nabwo kimwe na X-rays, bifute imbaraga zikomeye zo gutobora.

Uku kuvumbura kwafashije abahanga muri siyanse kumva neza kurushaho amoko ya ’radiation’, arimo alpha particles, beta particles, na gamma rays.

Mu myaka ya 1930 kugeza mu ntangiriro z’iya 1940, ubushakashatsi ku mbaraga zituruka mu gutandukanya utunyangingo tw’imbere muri atom (atomic nucleus) bwateye imbere cyane. Abahanga basanze bishobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi cyane, ndetse bigakoreshwa mu gukora intwaro zikomeye.

Ibi byihutishijwe cyane mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, aho Manhattan Project yo muri Amerika yageze ku gucura igisasu kirimbuzi cya mbere. Mu 1945, habaye igerageza rya mbere ryiswe Trinity Test, mbere y’uko ibisasu bibiri bitabwa i Hiroshima na Nagasaki mu Buyapani.

Muri iki gihe, Uranium ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora amashanyarazi hifashishijwe ‘nuclear reactors’, ndetse no mu buvuzi, inganda n’ubushakashatsi hakoreshejwe ‘radioactive isotopes’.

Ishusho y’igisasu kirimbuzi kiswe ’Fat man’ cy’ingufu za nikleyeri, cyo na kigenzi cyacyo ’Little boy’ byarashwe ku Buyapani bisiga ingaruka ziteye ubwoba