Mu mpera za 2021, umutwe witwaje intwaro wa M23 wari umaze imyaka umunani usinziriye wongeye kugaragara mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ubyukana imbaraga zidasanzwe. Byihuse cyane, wambuye ingabo z’iki gihugu uduce dutandukanye two muri Rutshuru turimo umusozi wa Chanzu na Runyoni, uhashinga ibirindiro ubutavanwa mu byimbo.

Nyuma yo gufata ibice byinshi mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, mu mpera za Mutarama 2025 abarwanyi ba M23 bayobowe na Gen Maj Sultani Makenga bafashe umujyi wa Goma utuwe n’abarenga miliyoni ebyiri. Mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho, bafashe umujyi wa Bukavu n’ibindi bice byinshi mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, bishimangira intege nke z’ingabo za RDC n’izizifasha zirimo iz’u Burundi n’imitwe ya Wazalendo.

Umuyobozi w’ihuriro AFC, Corneille Nangaa, ahamya ko abarwanyi ba M23 bagenzura ibice bifite ubuso burenga ibihumbi 34 muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo, bituyeho Abanye-Congo barenga miliyoni 11. Gusa igihombo Leta ya RDC yagize muri iyi ntambara kirenze gutakaza ubutaka buruta ubw’u Rwanda (kilometero kare 26.338), kuko yahombye byinshi tugiye kugaragaza muri iyi nkuru.

RDC yahombye ubutaka n’abaturage

Ubutaka bwinshi Leta ya RDC yatakaje bufite ubutunzi bwihariye. Nka Rubaya muri teritwari ya Masisi ni ikigega cya Coltan nyinshi ku Isi. Nubwo sosiyete zigenga zihacukura amabuye y’agaciro zakomeje imirimo, Leta ntikigenzura ibi bikorwa, nta n’igiceri ikihabona.

Uretse umutungo kamere, M23 igenzura imijyi ikomeye ikorerwamo ibikorwa biteza imbere ubukungu nka Bunagana; inzira inyuramo ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu nka Uganda byinjira muri RDC. Hari kandi umujyi wa Goma ufatwa nk’umurwa mukuru wa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, urimo ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye byinjirizaga Leta agatubutse.

Mu bice M23 igenzura, kuva i Bunagana kugera i Bukavu, yishyiriyeho abayobozi bayo ku rwego rwa gisivili n’urwa gisirikare kugira ngo abarenga miliyoni 11 babituye bakomeze ubuzima busanzwe, biteze imbere, banarindirwa umutekano. Aba baturage usanga bishimira cyane M23, bishimangira neza ko batakibona Leta iri i Kinshasa nk’ibagenga.

Binyuze mu bukangurambaga, M23 yashoboye kumvisha urubyiruko rwinshi mu bice igenzura ko iri mu rugamba rwo kuzana impinduramatwara mu gihugu, abenshi bemera kuyiyungaho kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu kurwanya ubutegetsi. Abo batorezwa mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Rumangabo muri Rutshuru.

Yapfushije abasirikare benshi, abandi biyunga kuri M23

Nubwo nta mibare idashidikanywaho y’abasirikare ba RDC bapfiriye mu mirwano bahanganyemo na M23 kuva mu Ugushyingo 2021, gutsindwa umusubizo kwabo gushimangira ko bakubititse bikomeye, ibyatumye bahindura uburyo bw’imirwanire, bibanda ku kurwanisha imbunda zirasa kure, indege z’intambara na drones.

Impfu z’abasirikare benshi ba RDC zashimangiwe no kuzura k’uburuhukiro (morgues) bw’ibitaro bya gisirikare bya Katindo i Goma, ibyatumye Colonel Dr. Muyumba Lubanga wabiyoboraga asaba Leta n’ubutumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (MONUSCO) izindi morgues zishobora kubikwamo imirambo myinshi.

Mu basirikare ba RDC bapfiriye ku rugamba bamenyekanye harimo Gen Maj Peter Cirimwami Nkuba wayoboraga intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, warasiwe hafi y’umujyi wa Sake muri Mutarama 2025 ubwo yari yagiye gutera agatege abasirikare bari ku rugamba rwo gufungira amayira M23 kugira ngo idafata umujyi wa Goma.

Nyuma yo gufata Goma, M23 yatangaje ko yishe abasirikare ba RDC benshi ndetse n’abarwanyi b’ihuriro Wazalendo banze kurambika intwaro. Abarokotse bahungiye mu Rwanda, abandi burira bwangu ubwato mu Kiyaga cya Kivu, berekeza mu mujyi wa Bukavu.

Muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo, abasirikare benshi ba RDC ndetse n’abapolisi bahisemo kumanika amaboko, bamwe muri bo biyemeza kwifatanya na M23 mu rugamba rwo kubohora RDC. Abo na bo bajyanywe mu myitozo ya gisirikare i Rumangabo, aho basuwe na Gen Maj Makenga, abasezeranya ko imibereho yabo izitabwaho.

Miliyari z’Amadolari zatikiriye mu ntambara

Leta ya RDC yashoye imbaraga nyinshi muri iyi ntambara kugira ngo ishobore kwambura M23 ibice yafashe. Yaguze intwaro nyinshi zirimo ibifaru, indege z’intambara za Sukhoi-25, drones za CH-4 zikorerwa mu Bushinwa, ikoresha abacancuro b’Abanyaburayi bahembwa yahembaga agera ku madolari 6000 ku kwezi ndetse n’abasirikare b’u Burundi babarirwaga 5000 by’Amadolari ku kwezi.

Ikinyamakuru Africa Intelligence gisobanura ko bitewe n’iyi ntambara, ingengo y’imari y’igisirikare cya RDC yavuye kuri miliyoni 459 z’Amadolari mu 2021, igera kuri miliyoni 700 z’Amadolari mu 2022, igera kuri miliyari 1 y’Amadolari mu 2023. Ingengo y’imari igisirikare cyakoresheje mu 2024 na yo yabarirwaga muri miliyari 1 y’Amadolari.

Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata 2025, igisirikare cya RDC cyakoresheje miliyari 1 y’Amadolari. Aya mafaranga yazamuwe cyane na gahunda yo kongera umushahara w’abasirikare, yatangiye nyuma y’aho M23 ifashe umujyi wa Goma na Bukavu.

Amafaranga menshi Leta ya RDC yashoye mu ntambara yo mu burasirazuba ntiyabujije M23 gufata ibice byinshi nubwo intego yari ihari ari ukuyambura n’ibyo yari yarafashe.

Imisoro yararindimutse

Kubera ko M23 ari yo igenzura imijyi yo ku mupaka nka Bunagana, Goma na Bukavu, yasimbuye urwego rwa RDC rushinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka (DGM) rusanzwe rugenzura serivisi za gasutamo. Ibi bituma igenzura ubucuruzi bwambukiranya umupaka umunsi ku munsi.

Umuyobozi w’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) muri RDC, Rene Tapsoba, aherutse gusobanurira Reuters ko kutagenzura ibice byo mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu birimo amabuye y’agaciro, bishobora guhombya Leta 4% by’amafaranga iteganya kwinjiza mu misoro muri uyu mwaka.

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’iki gihombo, Leta ya RDC yafashe icyemezo cyo kugabanya amafaranga agenerwa za Minisiteri zitandukanye ndetse n’imishahara y’abayobozi b’ibigo bya Leta.

Minisitiri w’Intebe wa RDC, Judith Suminwa Tuluka, muri Gicurasi 2025 yasobanuriye abatuye mu ntara ya Tshikapa ko intambara yo mu burasirazuba yahombeje iki gihugu amafaranga angana na 1,7% cy’ingengo y’imari y’igihugu.

Yagize ati “Turi mu ntambara mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu, iri kugabanya bikomeye ingengo y’imari yacu. Mu nama y’abaminisitiri iheruka, twemeje ingengo y’imari ivuguruye, izagezwa ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Twahombye 1,7% by’ingengo y’imari yacu, twongera amafaranga dushora mu nzego z’umutekano.”

Ingabo za RDC zatakaje intwaro z’ubwoko bwose

Sukhoi, drones, BM Grad, RPG, AK-47 ndetse na mortiers z’ubwoko butandukanye biri mu ntwaro M23 yambuye ingabo za RDC, cyane cyane ubwo habaga urugamba rwo gufata umujyi wa Goma rwabereye mu bice birimo ikibuga cy’indege.

Uretse intwaro ingabo za RDC zambuwe, inyinshi zarangijwe, cyane cyane drones za CH-4 zaguzwe mu Bushinwa kuko enye yaguze bwa mbere zose zarangiritse. Eshatu zararashwe, indi imwe ikorera impanuka ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kavumu muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

M23 kandi yambuye ingabo za RDC ibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare birimo amakamyo atwara abasirikare ndetse n’izindi modoka nyinshi za ‘Jeeps’. Izo ni zo zitwara abarwanyi babo ku rugamba no mu bindi bikorwa byo kubungabunga umutekano.

Uyu mutwe usobanura ko ukesha Leta ya RDC intwaro nyinshi abarwanyi bawo bakoresha, kuko buri uko habaye imirwano, bazambura ingabo za Leta.