Ubushakashatsi bw’ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi n’ubusesenguzi ku ngamba zitandukanye (IPAR: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research) bwagaragaje ko muri miliyoni zirenga eshatu z’urubyiruko ruri mu myaka yo gukora mu Rwanda harimo ururenga miliyoni rutari ku isoko ry’umurimo, ndetse rutari no mu mashuri cyangwa mu masomo y’igihe gito.

Ibyo ni bimwe mu bikubiye mu bushakashatsi IPAR yamuritse kuri uyu wa 5 Werurwe 2026.

Ni ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mpera za 2024 ariko amakuru yabuvuyemo asesengurwa mu 2025. Bwari bugamije kugaragaza ishusho y’imyigire n’isoko ry’umurimo ku biga mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (TVET) mu iterambere ry’ubukungu.

Bwakorewe mu turere two mu Mujyi wa Kigali twose n’utundi two mu mijyi iyunganira ari two mu Muhanga, Huye, Rusizi, Rubavu, Nyagatare na Musanze.

Bwakorewe ku bantu 636 bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 35 barimo abanyeshuri b’imyuga n’ubumenyi ngiro n’abihugura muri yo, abarezi babo, abakoresha, ababyeyi n’abandi bakora mu by’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro.

Ubwo ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko zimwe mu mbogamizi ziri mu bijyanye na TVET zihera ku kuba hari umubare munini w’urubyiruko ruri mu myaka yo gukora ariko rutari ku isoko ry’umurimo cyangwa mu masomo.

Bugaragaza ko mu rubyiruko 3.616.951 ruri mu Rwanda (abafite imyaka hagati ya 16 na 30) muri rwo harimo miliyoni 1.15 rudafite akazi kandi rutari no ku isoko ry’umurimo kuko rwiganjemo urwacikije amashuri ndetse rukaba nta n’andi masomo rurimo ku buryo ako kazi nta n’ako ruteganya.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa IPAR, Kayitesi Eugénie yavuze ko ibyo bisobanuye ko hari umubare munini w’urubyiruko rwakabaye ruri mu kazi cyangwa mu mashuri by’umwihariko mu myuga n’ubumenyingiro ariko rudafite ayo mahirwe.

Ati “Bivuze ko tugifite abana benshi badashobora kujya muri TVET kuko badafite ubwo bumenyingiro kandi bataranize ayo mashuri ngo bagere hejuru. Dufite ibikorwaremezo bihagije n’ubushobozi abana benshi babasha kwiga imyuga n’ubumenyingiro.”

Ikindi ubwo bwagaragaje ni uko abari muri TVET muri rusange bafite imbogamizi zituma gukora no kwisanisha ku isoko ry’umurimo uko bikwiye bitagenda neza.

Ibyo bigira ingaruka ku biteganywa na gahunda y’Impinduramatwara ya Kane mu by’Inganda (C4IR) u Rwanda rwinjiyemo igamije guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n’igihe.

Gusa amashuri y’ubumenyingiro yo yariyongereye kuko mu 2017 mu Rwanda ahari agera kuri 385 ariko mu 2022/23 yari amaze kuba 470 ndetse harimo ubufatanye hagati ya Leta n’abikorera mu kuyubaka.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, 91% by’abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri bagaragaje ko abarimu bafite ubumenyi buhagije bakiri bake mu gihe abanyeshuri 95% na bo bagaragaje ko ari ikibazo gikomeye kuba abarimu bafite ubumenyi budahagije.

Ikindi bugaragaza ni uko ibigo 94,12% bya TVET bidafite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibyo byigisha mu gihe isoko ry’umurimo rihinduye ubumenyi bukenewe ku basoza amasomo.

Ibyo bituma 91% by’abasoza mu masomo y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro basohoka badafite ubushobozi bwo kubasha kwisanisha n’isoko ry’umurimo iyo hakenewe ubumenyingiro bushya mu gihe kiri imbere.

Ibyo byatumye 97% by’abakoreweho ubwo bushakashatsi bagaragaza ko ibigo by’abikorera bikwiye kujya bigira uruhare mu kugena ibyigishwa kugira ngo haboneke abakozi bashoboye.

Mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga muri TVET, ubwo bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hakirimo icyuho cy’ibikoresho byaryo bitajyanye n’igihe kuko 19% by’ibigo ari byo bifite ibihagije, 34% bigakoresha bike cyane mu gihe 42% byo bifite ibigereranyije.

Icyakora ikijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije muri TVET cyo gihagaze neza kuko 100% by’ibigo byakoreweho ubushakashatsi byagaragaje ko byigisha mu buryo bwo gukora hubahirijwe ihame ryo kurengera ibidukikije, mu gihe 85,71% byigisha by’umwihariko uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu zisubira.

Kayitesi yavuze ko hakiri n’imbogamizi y’imyumvire abantu bamwe bafite ku mashuri ya TVET nyamara ari yo atanga akazi byihuse, kandi ko n’ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere nka Singapore na Koreya y’Epfo byashyize ingufu muri ayo masomo.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hakenewe kongerwa amafaranga ashyirwa muri TVET, kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga kurushaho no kurushaho guhuza amasomo atangwa n’ibikenewe ku isoko ry’umurimo kugira ngo bifashe u Rwanda kubona uruhare rukwiye rw’urwo rwego rujyanye n’icyerekezo cyarwo.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Politiki y’Uburezi muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi, Dr. Baguma Rose yavuze ko hari gahunda yatangiye yo kongera internet n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri harimo n’aya TVET ndetse ko hari na gahunda yo gufasha urubyiruko rwacikirije amashuri ngo rubashe kwiga imyuga.

Ati “Hari gahunda turimo yitwa RISE igamije kumenya rwa rubyiruko rwacikirije amashuri cyane cyane ayisumbuye cyangwa urwakoze ikizamini kiyasoza ariko rugatsindwa ku buryo nta mpamyabumenyi n’imwe rufite. Igamije kugira ngo tubahe amahirwe yo kwiga amasomo ya TVET noneho ababyifuza bakomeze mu mashuri makuru abandi bajye mu kazi. Ni gahunda izatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Mata uyu mwaka.”

Umwe mu bayobozi b’Ikigo Nyafurika cyita ku Iterambere ry’Ubukungu (ACET), Edward Brown cyafatanyije na IPAR gukora ubwo bushakashatsi, yavuze ko u Rwanda rumaze kugira umusingi ufatika mu bya TVET hasigaye gusa kwita kuri izo mbogamizi kugira ngo ayo mashuri agire uruhare rufatika mu cyerekezo cy’Igihugu.

Abafite aho bahuriye n’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro bitabiriye imurika ry’ubushakashatsi kuri yo