Itegeko rishya rigenga abantu n’umuryango rivuga ko umwe mu bashyingiranywe ashobora kwamburwa uburenganzira ku micungire y’umutungo w’umuryango mu gihe atawukoresha neza, kandi rigategeka ko imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa 10% na 39% by’umutungo bungutse uhereye ku munsi w’ishyingirwa hamaze kuvanwamo imyenda bafashe nyuma yo gushyingiranwa.

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Guhera mu bihe bya kera, imitungo yakunze kuba intandaro y’amakimbirane no gutandukana kw’abashakanye, bitewe no kuba hari ubwo acungwa nabi cyangwa kuyihishanya bikazana umwuka mubi mu muryango.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Sun Trust Bank mu 2015, bwagaragaje ko 35% by’abasaba gatanya babiterwa n’amakimbirane afitanye isano n’umutungo. Ni kenshi kandi twumva inkuru za gatanya zishingiye ku mitungo.

Ni mu gihe kandi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu cyane mu cyaro, usanga imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa ikorwa n’abagore n’abakobwa gusa, kandi kenshi ntihabwe agaciro, bimwe mu bikomeza kubera inzitizi iterambere ry’umuryango n’igihugu.

Iyo mirimo irimo kuvoma amazi, kumesa, gushaka inkwi, guteka, kurera abana n’abantu bakuze, guhinga, kwita ku barwayi n’indi mirimo itandukanye yo mu rugo ivunanye ariko idahabwa agaciro.

Mu Rwanda, muri 2022 Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare cyerekanye ko umugore w’umunyarwandakazi akoresha amasaha 26.7 mu cyumweru, bivuze ko ari amasaha hafi ane ku munsi mu gihe umugabo ari amasaha abiri ku munsi.

Gusa ibyo byose byatekerejweho nk’ibishobora guteza imbere umuryango mu gihe byakwitabwaho bigahabwa umurongo wo kubigenzura, ku buryo imirimo yo mu rugo idahemberwa ihabwa agaciro ndetse n’uwakoresha umutungo nabi w’umuryango akaba yakwamburwa ubwo burenganzira.

Mu itegeko No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango mu mutwe waryo wa cyenda, rivuga ku micungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe. Iyo umugore n’umugabo biyemeje kubana bakagirana amasezerano mu mategeko, basezerano isezerano rimwe muri atatu rigena imicungire y’umutungo wabo.

Harimo ivangamutungo rusange, ivangamutungo w’umuhahano n’ivanguramutungo risesuye nk’uko bigaragara muri gice cyambere cy’uyu mutwe wa cyenda.

Mu gice cya kabiri cy’uyu mutwe wa cyenda, hagaragaramo ingingo zihuriweho mu micungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe. Gusa twe reka twibande ku ngingo ya 172 ivuga ku kwamburwa ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo, n’ingingo ya 175 ivuga ku gaciro k’imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi.

Duhareye ku ngingo ya 172, ivuga ko iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe abangamiye inyungu z’urugo, kwaba kutita ku mutungo w’umuryango ndetse n’uwe bwite cyangwa kuwupfusha ubusa, ashobora kwamburwa ububasha bwo kuwucunga, kuwikenuza no kuwikuraho bisabwe n’uwo bashyingiranywe cyangwa umuntu ubifitemo inyungu hatitawe ku buryo bw’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe.

Bigenda bite ngo wamburwe ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo w’umuryango?

Ikirego cyo kwamburwa ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo gitangwa mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umubaranyi umwe mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha rukorera mu ifasi y’aho abashyingiranywe baba.

Iyo urukiko rwemeje kwamburwa ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo, ruha umwe mu bashyingiranywe wabisabye ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo bwite w’uwabwambuwe uretse igihe bibaye ngombwa ko urukiko rushyiraho undi muntu ucunga umutungo. Uwahawe gucunga umutungo afata ibyabyawe n’uwo mutungo iyo bihari, bigakoreshwa mu gukemura ibibazo by’urugo, ibisigaye akabizigama.

Bisaba iki kugira ngo usubirane ubwo bubasha?

Uwambuwe ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo ashobora kuregera urukiko kugira ngo asubirane ububasha bwe iyo agaragaje ko impamvu zari zatumye abwamburwa zitakiriho.

Iyo Umwe mu bashyingiranywe wari warahawe ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo mu buryo buteganyijwe apfuye, umuntu ubifitemo inyungu asaba urukiko rubifitiye ububasha, mu buryo bw’ikirego gitanzwe nk’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umubaranyi umwe, kugena undi muntu wo gucunga umutungo w’uw’ari warambuwe ubwo bubasha. Muri icyo gihe, inama y’umuryango igena ucunga umutungo by’agateganyo mu gihe urukiko rutaragena undi.

Ni mu gihe ingingo ya 175 ivuga ko mu gihe cy’urubanza rw’ubutane, bisabwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe, urukiko rushobora guha agaciro imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi.

Agaciro k’imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi kabarirwa hagati ya 10% na 39% by’umutungo bungutse uhereye ku munsi w’ishyingirwa hamaze kuvanwamo imyenda bafashe nyuma yo gushyingiranwa.